強ふ

Japanese

Etymology

⟨sipu⟩ → /ɕiɸu/ → /ɕifu/ → */ɕiwu/ → /ɕiu/

From Old Japanese.

Verb

強ふ(しう) • (shiu) ←しふ (sifu)? transitive †nidan

  1. (Classical Japanese, archaic) to compel, compulse, force

Conjugation
Classical conjugation of "強ふ" (ハ行上二段活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形) 強ひしひsifi
Continuative (連用形) 強ひしひsifi
Terminal (終止形) 強ふしふsifu
Attributive (連体形) 強ふるしふるsifuru
Realis (已然形) 強ふれしふれsifure
Imperative (命令形) 強ひよしひよsifiyo
Key constructions
Negative 強ひずしひずsifizu
Contrasting conjunction 強ふれどしふれどsifuredo
Causal conjunction 強ふればしふればsifureba
Conditional conjunction 強ひばしひばsifiba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge) 強ひきしひきsifiki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge) 強ひけりしひけりsifikeri
Perfect tense (conscious action) 強ひつしひつsifitu
Perfect tense (natural event) 強ひぬしひぬsifinu
Perfect-continuative tense 強ひたりしひたりsifitari
Volitional 強ひむしひむsifimu

Derived terms
  • 強(し)いる (shiiru, modern form)
  • 強(し)ひて (shiite)
  • 強(し)ゆ (shiyu)
  • 強(し)ひ過(そ)す (shiisosu)

Old Japanese

Etymology

From a stem sip- possibly cognate with verb 癈ふ (sipu, “to lose function (said of body organs)”). (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)

Verb

強ふ (sipu) (kana しふ)

  1. to compel, compulse, force

Conjugation
Classical conjugation of "強ふ" (ハ行上二段活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形) 強ひしひsifi
Continuative (連用形) 強ひしひsifi
Terminal (終止形) 強ふしふsifu
Attributive (連体形) 強ふるしふるsifuru
Realis (已然形) 強ふれしふれsifure
Imperative (命令形) 強ひよしひよsifiyo
Key constructions
Negative 強ひずしひずsifizu
Contrasting conjunction 強ふれどしふれどsifuredo
Causal conjunction 強ふればしふればsifureba
Conditional conjunction 強ひばしひばsifiba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge) 強ひきしひきsifiki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge) 強ひけりしひけりsifikeri
Perfect tense (conscious action) 強ひつしひつsifitu
Perfect tense (natural event) 強ひぬしひぬsifinu
Perfect-continuative tense 強ひたりしひたりsifitari
Volitional 強ひむしひむsifimu

Derived terms
  • 誣ふ (sipu)
  • 強ひ語 (sipi2gatari)

Descendants
  • Japanese: 強ふ (shiu) → 強いる (shiiru)
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