悩ます

Japanese
Kanji in this term
悩
なや
Grade: S
kun’yomi
Alternative spelling
惱ます (kyūjitai)

Etymology

From Old Japanese. First cited in the Man'yōshū of 759.[1]

Derived as the regular classical causative conjugation of 悩む (nayamu, “to be vexed”).

Pronunciation
  • (Tokyo) なやま​す [nàyámáꜜsù] (Nakadaka – [3])[2]
  • IPA(key): [na̠ja̠ma̠sɨᵝ]
  • Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of "悩ます"
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Terminal (終止形)
Attributive (連体形)		 悩ます なやま​す [nàyámáꜜsù]
Imperative (命令形) 悩ませ なやま​せ [nàyámáꜜsè]
Key constructions
Passive 悩まされる なやまされ​る [nàyámásáréꜜrù]
Causative 悩まさせる なやまさせ​る [nàyámásáséꜜrù]
Potential 悩ませる なやませ​る [nàyámáséꜜrù]
Volitional 悩まそう なやまそ​ー [nàyámásóꜜò]
Negative 悩まさない なやまさ​ない [nàyámásáꜜnàì]
Negative perfective 悩まさなかった なやまさ​なかった [nàyámásáꜜnàkàttà]
Formal 悩まします なやましま​す [nàyámáshímáꜜsù]
Perfective 悩ました なやま​した [nàyámáꜜshìtà]
Conjunctive 悩まして なやま​して [nàyámáꜜshìtè]
Hypothetical conditional 悩ませば なやま​せば [nàyámáꜜsèbà]

Verb

悩(なや)ます • (nayamasu) transitive godan (stem 悩(なや)まし (nayamashi), past 悩(なや)ました (nayamashita))

Japanese verb pair
active 悩ます, 悩める
mediopassive 悩む
  1. [from 700s] to vex, to trouble, to distress, to afflict, to pester

Conjugation
Conjugation of "悩ます" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 悩まさ なやまさ nayamasa
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 悩まし なやまし nayamashi
Shūshikei ("terminal") 悩ます なやます nayamasu
Rentaikei ("attributive") 悩ます なやます nayamasu
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 悩ませ なやませ nayamase
Meireikei ("imperative") 悩ませ なやませ nayamase
Key constructions
Passive 悩まされる なやまされる nayamasareru
Causative 悩まさせる
悩まさす		 なやまさせる
なやまさす		 nayamasaseru
nayamasasu
Potential 悩ませる なやませる nayamaseru
Volitional 悩まそう なやまそう nayamasō
Negative 悩まさない なやまさない nayamasanai
Negative continuative 悩まさず なやまさず nayamasazu
Formal 悩まします なやまします nayamashimasu
Perfective 悩ました なやました nayamashita
Conjunctive 悩まして なやまして nayamashite
Hypothetical conditional 悩ませば なやませば nayamaseba

Synonyms
  • 悩(なや)ませる (nayamaseru, regular modern causative form of 悩む (nayamu), more common)
  • 悩(なや)める (nayameru, alternative transitive form of 悩む (nayamu))
  • 苦(くる)しめる (kurushimeru, “to make someone suffer”)
  • 煩(わずら)わす (wazurawasu, “to cause worry, distress, or illness”)
  • 困(こま)らす (komarasu, “to make someone feel stuck, to put someone in dire straits”)

Derived terms
  • 悩(なや)ませる (nayamaseru, regular modern causative form of 悩む (nayamu))
  • 悩(なや)ましい (nayamashii, “afflicting, vexing, troubling, distressing”, adjective)

References
  1. “悩”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)‎ (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000, →ISBN
  2. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
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