斗膽

See also: 斗胆

Chinese

		dipper	the gall; the nerve; courage the gall; the nerve; courage; guts; gall bladder
trad. (斗膽)		斗	膽
simp. (斗胆)		斗	胆

Etymology

Literally meaning to have a gallbladder as big as a dipper. The ancient Chinese believed that having courage was related to having a big gallbladder.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): dǒudǎn

(Zhuyin): ㄉㄡˇ ㄉㄢˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): dau² daam²
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): téu-tám
Min Nan (POJ): tió-tám / tó͘-tám

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: dǒudǎn [Phonetic: dóudǎn]
  - Zhuyin: ㄉㄡˇ ㄉㄢˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: dǒudǎn
  - Wade–Giles: tou³-tan³
  - Yale: dǒu-dǎn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dooudaan
  - Palladius: доудань (doudanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /toʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ tän²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: dau² daam²
  - Yale: dáu dáam
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dau² daam²
  - Guangdong Romanization: deo² dam²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tɐu̯³⁵ taːm³⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: téu-tám
  - Hakka Romanization System: deu` dam`
  - Hagfa Pinyim: deu³ dam³
  - Sinological IPA: /teu̯³¹ tam³¹/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tió-tám
  - Tâi-lô: tió-tám
  - Phofsit Daibuun: dioy'darm
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /tio⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tam⁵⁵⁴/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tó͘-tám
  - Tâi-lô: tóo-tám
  - Phofsit Daibuun: dofdarm
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /tɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tam⁴¹/
  - IPA (Taipei, Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /tɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tam⁵³/

Verb

斗膽

(humble) it is presumptuous of me to (suggest, mention); to have the courage to

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