曲がる

Japanese
Kanji in this term
曲
ま
Grade: 3
kun’yomi
Alternative spelling
曲る (uncommon)

Etymology

From Old Japanese. First attested in the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE.[1]

Derived most likely from classical verb 曲ぐ (magu), via fusion of intransitive element -aru.

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Needs expansion: refs, defdates, etc.”)

Pronunciation
  • (Tokyo) まがる [màgárú] (Heiban – [0])[2]
  • IPA(key): [ma̠ɡa̠ɾɯ̟ᵝ]
  • Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of "曲がる"
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Terminal (終止形)
Attributive (連体形)		 曲がる まがる [màgárú]
Imperative (命令形) 曲がれ まがれ [màgáré]
Key constructions
Passive 曲がられる まがられる [màgárárérú]
Causative 曲がらせる まがらせる [màgárásérú]
Potential 曲がれる まがれる [màgárérú]
Volitional 曲がろう まがろ​ー [màgáróꜜò]
Negative 曲がらない まがらない [màgáránáí]
Negative perfective 曲がらなかった まがらな​かった [màgáránáꜜkàttà]
Formal 曲がります まがりま​す [màgárímáꜜsù]
Perfective 曲がった まがった [màgáttá]
Conjunctive 曲がって まがって [màgátté]
Hypothetical conditional 曲がれば まがれ​ば [màgáréꜜbà]

Verb

曲(ま)がる • (magaru) intransitive godan (stem 曲(ま)がり (magari), past 曲(ま)がった (magatta))

Japanese verb pair
active 曲げる
mediopassive 曲がる
  1. to bend, to curve, to warp, to wind, to twist
  2. to turn
    • 2007, 新時代日漢辭典／新时代日汉辞典 (Xīn Shídài Rì-hàn Cídiǎn), 1st edition, 大新書局／大新书局 (Dàxīn Shūjú), →ISBN:
      左(ひだり)へ曲(ま)がると直(す)ぐ動物園(どうぶつえん)です
      hidari e magaru to sugu dōbutsuen desu
      When you turn left, the zoo will be right there
  3. to be awry, to be askew, to be crooked

Conjugation
Conjugation of "曲がる" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 曲がら まがら magara
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 曲がり まがり magari
Shūshikei ("terminal") 曲がる まがる magaru
Rentaikei ("attributive") 曲がる まがる magaru
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 曲がれ まがれ magare
Meireikei ("imperative") 曲がれ まがれ magare
Key constructions
Passive 曲がられる まがられる magarareru
Causative 曲がらせる
曲がらす		 まがらせる
まがらす		 magaraseru
magarasu
Potential 曲がれる まがれる magareru
Volitional 曲がろう まがろう magarō
Negative 曲がらない まがらない magaranai
Negative continuative 曲がらず まがらず magarazu
Formal 曲がります まがります magarimasu
Perfective 曲がった まがった magatta
Conjunctive 曲がって まがって magatte
Hypothetical conditional 曲がれば まがれば magareba
Classical conjugation of "曲がる" (ラ行四段活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形) 曲がらまがらmagara
Continuative (連用形) 曲がりまがりmagari
Terminal (終止形) 曲がるまがるmagaru
Attributive (連体形) 曲がるまがるmagaru
Realis (已然形) 曲がれまがれmagare
Imperative (命令形) 曲がれまがれmagare
Key constructions
Negative 曲がらずまがらずmagarazu
Contrasting conjunction 曲がれどまがれどmagaredo
Causal conjunction 曲がればまがればmagareba
Conditional conjunction 曲がらばまがらばmagaraba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge) 曲がりきまがりきmagariki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge) 曲がりけりまがりけりmagarikeri
Perfect tense (conscious action) 曲がりつまがりつmagaritu
Perfect tense (natural event) 曲がりぬまがりぬmagarinu
Perfect-continuative tense 曲がれり
曲がりたり		まがれり
まがりたり		magareri
magaritari
Volitional 曲がらむまがらむmagaramu

References
  1. “曲”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)‎ (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000, →ISBN
  2. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
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