棲

See also: 栖

棲	U+68F2, 棲 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-68F2

← 棱
[U+68F1]

CJK Unified Ideographs

棳 →
[U+68F3]

Translingual

Han character

棲 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+8, 12 strokes, cangjie input 木十中女 (DJLV), four-corner 4594₄, composition ⿰木妻)

References

KangXi: page 534, character 17
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14980
Dae Jaweon: page 922, character 13
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1229, character 6
Unihan data for U+68F2

Chinese

trad.		棲
simp.		栖^*

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (妻) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
妻	sʰiːl, sʰiːls
萋	*sʰiːl
淒	*sʰiːl
凄	*sʰiːl
悽	*sʰiːl
鶈	*sʰiːl
郪	sʰiːl, sʰil
緀	sʰiːl, sʰiːlʔ
霋	*sʰiːl
棲	*siːl

Before the Warring States Period, written as '西'. Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *siːl) : semantic 木 (“tree”) + phonetic 妻 (OC *sʰiːl, *sʰiːls).

Etymology 1

See 西 (OC *s-nˤər) (Baxter & Sagart, 2014) for etymology.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): qī (qi¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄑㄧ
Cantonese (Jyutping): cai¹
Min Nan (POJ): chhe / soe

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: qī
  - Zhuyin: ㄑㄧ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: ci
  - Wade–Giles: chʻi¹
  - Yale: chī
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chi
  - Palladius: ци (ci)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: cai¹
  - Yale: chāi
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tsai¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: cei¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɐi̯⁵⁵/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhe
  - Tâi-lô: tshe
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zhef
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰe³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰe⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: soe
  - Tâi-lô: sue
  - Phofsit Daibuun: soef
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /sue³³/

Note:

chhe - literary;
soe - vernacular.

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 棲
Mandarin	Beijing	/t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵/
	Harbin	/t͡ɕʰi⁴⁴/
	Tianjin	/t͡ɕʰi²¹/
	Jinan	/t͡ɕʰi²¹³/
	Qingdao	/t͡sʰi²¹³/
	Zhengzhou	/t͡sʰi²⁴/
	Xi'an	/t͡ɕʰi²¹/
	Xining	/ɕji⁴⁴/
	Yinchuan	/t͡ɕʰi⁴⁴/
	Lanzhou	/ɕi³¹/ /t͡ɕʰi³¹/
	Ürümqi	/t͡ɕʰi⁴⁴/
	Wuhan	/t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵/
	Chengdu	/t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵/
	Guiyang	/ɕi⁵⁵/
	Kunming	/t͡ɕi⁴⁴/
	Nanjing	/t͡sʰi³¹/
	Hefei	/t͡sʰz̩²¹/
Jin	Taiyuan	/t͡ɕʰi¹¹/
	Pingyao
	Hohhot	/t͡ɕʰi³¹/
Wu	Shanghai	/t͡ɕʰi⁵³/
	Suzhou	/t͡sʰi⁵⁵/
	Hangzhou	/t͡ɕʰi³³/
	Wenzhou	/t͡sʰei³³/
Hui	Shexian	/t͡sʰi³¹/
Hui	Tunxi
Xiang	Changsha	/t͡sʰi³³/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/si³³/
Gan	Nanchang
Hakka	Meixian	/t͡si⁴⁴/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/t͡sʰi²⁴/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/t͡sʰɐi⁵³/
	Nanning	/t͡sʰɐi⁵⁵/
	Hong Kong	/t͡sʰɐi⁵³/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/se⁵⁵/ /t͡sʰe⁵⁵/ ～身
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/t͡sʰɛ⁴⁴/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/t͡sʰi⁵⁴/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/t͡sʰi³³/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/si²³/

Middle Chinese: /sei/

Rime
Character	棲
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	心 (16)
Final (韻)	齊 (39)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	IV
Fanqie	先稽切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/sei/
Pan Wuyun	/sei/
Shao Rongfen	/sɛi/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/sɛj/
Li Rong	/sei/
Wang Li	/siei/
Bernard Karlgren	/siei/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xī
Expected Cantonese Reflex	sai¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*s-nˤər/

(Zhengzhang): /*siːl/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	棲
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	qī
Middle Chinese	‹ sej ›
Old Chinese	/*s-nˁər/
English	bird"s nest
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	棲
Reading #	1/1
No.	9924
Phonetic component	妻
Rime group	脂
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	西
Old Chinese	/*siːl/

Definitions

棲

to perch
to roost
to stay

Compounds

一枝棲／一枝栖
依棲／依栖
偏棲／偏栖
兩棲／两栖 (liǎngqī)
兩棲作戰／两栖作战
兩棲演員／两栖演员
兩棲部隊／两栖部队
共棲／共栖
孤棲／孤栖
山棲谷飲／山栖谷饮
幽棲巖谷／幽栖岩谷

底棲生物／底栖生物
枝棲／枝栖
梧棲／梧栖 (Wúqī)
棲宿／栖宿
棲屑／栖屑
棲息／栖息 (qīxī)
棲息地／栖息地 (qīxīdì)
棲所／栖所 (qīsuǒ)
棲梧食竹／栖梧食竹
棲止／栖止
棲流所／栖流所

棲託／栖托
棲身／栖身 (qīshēn)
棲遁／栖遁
棲遑／栖遑
棲遲／栖迟
棲霞／栖霞 (Qīxiá)
盥耳山棲／盥耳山栖
羈棲／羁栖
越鳥南棲／越鸟南栖
雙棲雙宿／双栖双宿
風餐水棲／风餐水栖

Etymology 2

For pronunciation and definitions of 棲 – see 栖 (“used in 栖栖”). (This character, 棲, is a variant traditional form of 栖.)

Japanese

Kanji

棲

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

(Of humans and other animals) residing (somewhere), living (someplace); inhabiting a nest, den, burrow, etc.

Readings

Go-on: さい (sai)
Kan-on: せい (sei)
Kun: すむ (sumu, 棲む)

Compounds

水(すい)棲(せい) (suisei, “aquatic animals; aquatic life”)
同(どう)棲(せい) (dōsei, “cohabitation”)
陸(りく)棲(せい) (rikusei, “land animals; terrestrial life”)
両(りょう)棲(せい)類(るい) (ryōseirui, “amphibians”)

Korean

Hanja

棲 (eumhun 깃 들일 서 (gitdeuril seo))

Hanja form^? of 서 (“roost”).

Compounds

서식 (棲息, seosik, “habitation”)
서식지 (棲息地, seosikji, “(ecology) habitat”)
양서류 (兩棲類, yangseoryu, “amphibians, amphibia”)

Vietnamese

Han character

棲: Hán Nôm readings: thê

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