激励

See also: 激勵 and 激厲

Chinese
For pronunciation and definitions of 激励 – see 激勵 (“to encourage; to motivate; to reprimand; to slam; to rebuke; to denounce”).
(This term, 激励, is the simplified form of 激勵.)
Notes:

Japanese
Kanji in this term
激 励
げき
Grade: 6		 れい
Grade: S
kan’yōon kan’on
Alternative spellings
激勵 (kyūjitai)
激厲

Etymology

From Middle Chinese compound 激勵 (MC kek̚ liᴇiH). (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)

Pronunciation
  • (Tokyo) げきれー [gèkíréé] (Heiban – [0])[1][2]
  • IPA(key): [ɡe̞kʲiɾe̞ː]

Noun

激(げき)励(れい) • (gekirei) 

  1. encouragement
    Synonym: 励まし (hagemashi)

Derived terms
  • 叱(しっ)咤(た)激(げき)励(れい) (shitta gekirei)

Verb

激(げき)励(れい)する • (gekirei suru) transitive suru (stem 激(げき)励(れい)し (gekirei shi), past 激(げき)励(れい)した (gekirei shita))

  1. to encourage
    Synonyms: 力づける (chikarazukeru), 励ます (hagemasu)

Conjugation
Conjugation of "激励する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 激励し げきれいし gekirei shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 激励し げきれいし gekirei shi
Shūshikei ("terminal") 激励する げきれいする gekirei suru
Rentaikei ("attributive") 激励する げきれいする gekirei suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 激励すれ げきれいすれ gekirei sure
Meireikei ("imperative") 激励せよ¹
激励しろ²		 げきれいせよ¹
げきれいしろ²		 gekirei seyo¹
gekirei shiro²
Key constructions
Passive 激励される げきれいされる gekirei sareru
Causative 激励させる
激励さす		 げきれいさせる
げきれいさす		 gekirei saseru
gekirei sasu
Potential 激励できる げきれいできる gekirei dekiru
Volitional 激励しよう げきれいしよう gekirei shiyō
Negative 激励しない げきれいしない gekirei shinai
Negative continuative 激励せず げきれいせず gekirei sezu
Formal 激励します げきれいします gekirei shimasu
Perfective 激励した げきれいした gekirei shita
Conjunctive 激励して げきれいして gekirei shite
Hypothetical conditional 激励すれば げきれいすれば gekirei sureba
¹ Written imperative

² Spoken imperative

References
  1. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. 2011, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Seventh Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
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