無明

See also: 无明

Chinese
not have
 
clear; bright; to understand
clear; bright; to understand; next; the Ming dynasty
trad. (無明) 無 明
simp. (无明) 无 明

Etymology
ignorant; unintelligent
Calque of Sanskrit अविद्या (avidyā).

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 無 明
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Initial (聲) 明 (4) 明 (4)
Final (韻) 虞 (24) 庚 (111)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed Open
Division (等) III III
Fanqie 武夫切 武兵切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /mɨo/ /mˠiæŋ/
Pan
Wuyun		 /mio/ /mᵚiaŋ/
Shao
Rongfen		 /mio/ /miaŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /muə̆/ /miajŋ/
Li
Rong		 /mio/ /miɐŋ/
Wang
Li		 /mĭu/ /mĭɐŋ/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /mi̯u/ /mi̯ɐŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 wú míng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 mou4 ming4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 無 無 無 明
Reading # 1/3 2/3 3/3 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 wú wú wú míng
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ mju › ‹ mju › ‹ mju › ‹ mjæng ›
Old
Chinese		 /*ma/ /*ma/ /*mo/ /*mraŋ/
English not have volitional prefix don’t bright

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 無 明
Reading # 1/1 1/1
No. 13117 9188
Phonetic
component		 無 明
Rime
group		 魚 陽
Rime
subdivision		 0 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 無 明
Old
Chinese		 /*ma/ /*mraŋ/

Adjective

無明

  1. (archaic) unable to see; blind
  2. (Buddhism) ignorant; unintelligent

Descendants
Sino-Xenic (無明):
  • → Japanese: 無明(むみょう) (mumyō)
  • → Korean: 무명(無明) (mumyeong)
  • → Vietnamese: vô minh (無明)

Japanese
Kanji in this term
無 明
む
Grade: 4		 みょう
Grade: 2
on’yomi

Etymology

From Chinese. See there for more.

Noun

無(む)明(みょう) • (mumyō) 

  1. (religion, Buddhism): avidyā: unenlightenment, ignorance of nirvana and of the fundamental state of existence

Further reading

Korean
Hanja in this term
無明

Noun

無明 • (mumyeong) (hangeul 무명)

  1. Hanja form? of 무명 (“avidyā: unenlightenment, ignorance of nirvana and of the fundamental state of existence”).

Vietnamese
Hán tự in this term
無明

Noun

無明

  1. chữ Hán form of vô minh (“avidyā: unenlightenment, ignorance of nirvana and of the fundamental state of existence”).
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