猶予う

Japanese

Etymology 1
Kanji in this term
猶 予
いざ
Grade: S		 よ
Grade: 3
irregular on’yomi
Alternative spelling
猶豫う (kyūjitai)

⟨isayo1pu⟩ → */isajʷopu/ → /isajopu/ → /izajofu/ → /izajou/

From Old Japanese 猶予ふ (isayopu).[1][2][3]

Read as いさよふ (isayopu) in the Nara Period. The /p/ lenited to /f/ (more specifically, the bilabial fricative [ɸ]) by the Heian Period, with the /s/ alternating with voiced /z/. The medial /f/ then further lenited and disappeared, with the voiced /z/ pronunciation becoming the dominant form.

Derived originally as a compound of いさ (isa, interjection of hesitation or introduction; compare to English so, which may be used as a hesitation word or to introduce a new topic[1][3]) +‎ よふ (yopu, suffixing element of unclear meaning). Appears in the Kojiki of 712 CE and the Man'yōshū of 759 CE.[1]

The kanji spelling is an example of jukujikun (熟字訓), based on the synonymous Middle Chinese-derived term 猶予 (yūyo).

This word may be falling into disuse, and it is not included in some dictionaries.[4]

Pronunciation

Verb

猶(いざ)予(よ)う • (izayou) ←いざよふ (izayofu)?intransitive godan (stem 猶(いざ)予(よ)い (izayoi), past 猶(いざ)予(よ)った (izayotta))

  1. (archaic) to pause, to hesitate
Conjugation
Conjugation of "猶予う" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 猶予わ いざよわ izayowa
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 猶予い いざよい izayoi
Shūshikei ("terminal") 猶予う いざよう izayou
Rentaikei ("attributive") 猶予う いざよう izayou
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 猶予え いざよえ izayoe
Meireikei ("imperative") 猶予え いざよえ izayoe
Key constructions
Passive 猶予われる いざよわれる izayowareru
Causative 猶予わせる
猶予わす		 いざよわせる
いざよわす		 izayowaseru
izayowasu
Potential 猶予える いざよえる izayoeru
Volitional 猶予おう いざよおう izayoō
Negative 猶予わない いざよわない izayowanai
Negative continuative 猶予わず いざよわず izayowazu
Formal 猶予います いざよいます izayoimasu
Perfective 猶予った いざよった izayotta
Conjunctive 猶予って いざよって izayotte
Hypothetical conditional 猶予えば いざよえば izayoeba
Derived terms

Etymology 2
Kanji in this term
猶 予
Grade: S Grade: 3
irregular
Alternative spellings
猶豫う (kyūjitai)
揺蕩う

This kanji spelling is an example of jukujikun (熟字訓), based on the synonymous Middle Chinese-derived term 猶予 (yūyo). This spelling is less common than 揺蕩う.

For pronunciation and definitions of 猶予う – see the following entry.
【揺蕩たゆたう】
[verb] to bob, to move about uncertainly as a floating item moves about on the surface of water or some other liquid
[verb] to be undecided or uncertain
[verb] to pause or hesitate due to indecision, to dally, to dawdle
(This term, 猶予う, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

References
  1. 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
  2. 1995, 大辞泉 (Daijisen) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  3. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  4. 1997, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Fifth Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  5. 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
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