研磨

See also: 硏磨

Chinese
grind fine; study; research
 
grindstone; to sharpen; to delay
grindstone; to sharpen; to delay; hardship; to grind; to rub
trad. (研磨) 研 磨
simp. #(研磨) 研 磨

Pronunciation

Verb

研磨

  1. to grind
  2. to polish

Derived terms

Japanese
Kanji in this term
研 磨
けん
Grade: 3		 ま
Grade: S
kan’yōon goon
Alternative spellings
硏磨 (kyūjitai)
研摩

Pronunciation

Noun

研(けん)磨(ま) • (kenma) 

  1. grinding, polishing
  2. improving one's skill

Derived terms

Verb

研(けん)磨(ま)する • (kenma suru) transitive suru (stem 研(けん)磨(ま)し (kenma shi), past 研(けん)磨(ま)した (kenma shita))

  1. to grind, to polish
  2. to improve one's skill

Conjugation
Conjugation of "研磨する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 研磨し けんまし kenma shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 研磨し けんまし kenma shi
Shūshikei ("terminal") 研磨する けんまする kenma suru
Rentaikei ("attributive") 研磨する けんまする kenma suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 研磨すれ けんますれ kenma sure
Meireikei ("imperative") 研磨せよ¹
研磨しろ²		 けんませよ¹
けんましろ²		 kenma seyo¹
kenma shiro²
Key constructions
Passive 研磨される けんまされる kenma sareru
Causative 研磨させる
研磨さす		 けんまさせる
けんまさす		 kenma saseru
kenma sasu
Potential 研磨できる けんまできる kenma dekiru
Volitional 研磨しよう けんましよう kenma shiyō
Negative 研磨しない けんましない kenma shinai
Negative continuative 研磨せず けんませず kenma sezu
Formal 研磨します けんまします kenma shimasu
Perfective 研磨した けんました kenma shita
Conjunctive 研磨して けんまして kenma shite
Hypothetical conditional 研磨すれば けんますれば kenma sureba
¹ Written imperative

² Spoken imperative

References
  1. 2011, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Seventh Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
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