給食

Japanese
Kanji in this term
給 食
きゅう
Grade: 4		 しょく
Grade: 2
kan’on
給食 (kyūshoku): a school lunch.

Etymology

Ultimately from Middle Chinese 給食 (MC kˠiɪp̚ ʑɨk̚, literally “to give, to supply + food, meal”). Sourced from the Chinese work 史記／史记 (Shǐjì, “Records of the Grand Historian”) completed in 91 BCE.[1]

Pronunciation
  • (Tokyo) きゅうしょく [kyùúshókú] (Heiban – [0])[2]
  • IPA(key): [kʲɨᵝːɕo̞kɯ̟ᵝ]

Noun

給(きゅう)食(しょく) • (kyūshoku) ←きふしょく (kifusyoku)?

  1. the provision of a meal
  2. a meal, usually lunch, provided by an organization to attendees or participants, such as by a school to its students or by a company to its employees

Verb

給(きゅう)食(しょく)する • (kyūshoku suru) ←きふしょく (kifusyoku)?intransitive suru (stem 給(きゅう)食(しょく)し (kyūshoku shi), past 給(きゅう)食(しょく)した (kyūshoku shita))

  1. to provide a meal, such as for students or employees

Conjugation
Conjugation of "給食する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 給食し きゅうしょくし kyūshoku shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 給食し きゅうしょくし kyūshoku shi
Shūshikei ("terminal") 給食する きゅうしょくする kyūshoku suru
Rentaikei ("attributive") 給食する きゅうしょくする kyūshoku suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 給食すれ きゅうしょくすれ kyūshoku sure
Meireikei ("imperative") 給食せよ¹
給食しろ²		 きゅうしょくせよ¹
きゅうしょくしろ²		 kyūshoku seyo¹
kyūshoku shiro²
Key constructions
Passive 給食される きゅうしょくされる kyūshoku sareru
Causative 給食させる
給食さす		 きゅうしょくさせる
きゅうしょくさす		 kyūshoku saseru
kyūshoku sasu
Potential 給食できる きゅうしょくできる kyūshoku dekiru
Volitional 給食しよう きゅうしょくしよう kyūshoku shiyō
Negative 給食しない きゅうしょくしない kyūshoku shinai
Negative continuative 給食せず きゅうしょくせず kyūshoku sezu
Formal 給食します きゅうしょくします kyūshoku shimasu
Perfective 給食した きゅうしょくした kyūshoku shita
Conjunctive 給食して きゅうしょくして kyūshoku shite
Hypothetical conditional 給食すれば きゅうしょくすれば kyūshoku sureba
¹ Written imperative

² Spoken imperative

References
  1. 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
  2. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
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