自首
Japanese
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 自 | 首 |
| じ Grade: 2 |
しゅ Grade: 2 |
| goon | |
Etymology
Ultimately from Middle Chinese 自首 (MC d͡ziɪH ɕɨuH, literally “self + report to the authorities; plead guilty”). Borrowed into Old Japanese, where its first mention is in the Ritsuryō legal code of 718 CE.[1]
Pronunciation
Conjugation
Conjugation of "自首する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 自首し | じしゅし | jishu shi | |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 自首し | じしゅし | jishu shi | |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 自首する | じしゅする | jishu suru | |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 自首する | じしゅする | jishu suru | |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 自首すれ | じしゅすれ | jishu sure | |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 自首せよ¹ 自首しろ² |
じしゅせよ¹ じしゅしろ² |
jishu seyo¹ jishu shiro² | |
| Key constructions | ||||
| Passive | 自首される | じしゅされる | jishu sareru | |
| Causative | 自首させる 自首さす |
じしゅさせる じしゅさす |
jishu saseru jishu sasu | |
| Potential | 自首できる | じしゅできる | jishu dekiru | |
| Volitional | 自首しよう | じしゅしよう | jishu shiyō | |
| Negative | 自首しない | じしゅしない | jishu shinai | |
| Negative continuative | 自首せず | じしゅせず | jishu sezu | |
| Formal | 自首します | じしゅします | jishu shimasu | |
| Perfective | 自首した | じしゅした | jishu shita | |
| Conjunctive | 自首して | じしゅして | jishu shite | |
| Hypothetical conditional | 自首すれば | じしゅすれば | jishu sureba | |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative | ||||
References
- 1988, 国語大辞典(新装版) (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
- 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
- 1997, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Fifth Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
This article is issued from Wiktionary. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.