落ちる

Japanese
Kanji in this term
落
お
Grade: 3
kun’yomi
Alternative spellings
堕ちる (negative connotations)
墜ちる

Etymology

/otu/ → /ot͡su/ → /ot͡ɕiru/

Regular development from classical verb form 落つ (otsu, “to fall; to decline; to come to an end”). In turn, from Old Japanese 落つ (otu) of the same meaning,[1][2][3][4][5] from Proto-Japonic *ətu.

Development
Natural progression from Old and Classical Japanese 上二段活用 (kami nidan katsuyō, “upper bigrade conjugation”) verbs ending in -u to modern Japanese 上一段活用 (kami ichidan katsuyō, “upper monograde conjugation”) verbs ending in -iru. For the Old / Classical form, see the 落つ entry.

First attested in the Kojiki of 712 CE.[2]

Via root ot-, cognate with 劣る (otoru, “to fail, to lose; to be of lower rank”, intransitive) and 落とす (otosu, “to drop something”, transitive). Additionally, cognate with Proto-Ryukyuan *ote (“to fall”).

Pronunciation
  • Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of "落ちる"
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Terminal (終止形)
Attributive (連体形)		 落ちる おち​る [òchíꜜrù]
Imperative (命令形) 落ちろ おち​ろ [òchíꜜrò]
Key constructions
Passive 落ちられる おちられ​る [òchíráréꜜrù]
Causative 落ちさせる おちさせ​る [òchísáséꜜrù]
Potential - - -
Volitional 落ちよう おちよ​ー [òchíyóꜜò]
Negative 落ちない おち​ない [òchíꜜnàì]
Negative perfective 落ちなかった おち​なかった [òchíꜜnàkàttà]
Formal 落ちます おちま​す [òchímáꜜsù]
Perfective 落ちた お​ちた [óꜜchìtà]
Conjunctive 落ちて お​ちて [óꜜchìtè]
Hypothetical conditional 落ちれば おち​れば [òchíꜜrèbà]

Verb

落(お)ちる • (ochiru) intransitive ichidan (stem 落(お)ち (ochi), past 落(お)ちた (ochita))

Japanese verb pair
active 落とす
mediopassive 落ちる
  1. to fall
  2. (computing) to go down (as when a computer or application becomes unresponsive)
  3. (electrical engineering, of a circuit breaker) to trip
    ブレーカーが落(お)ちた
    burēkā ga ochita
    the circuit breaker tripped
  4. (informal) to fail an examination
    Antonym: 受かる (ukaru)
  5. (Internet slang, chat, video games, etc., of a person) to leave; to sign off

Conjugation
Conjugation of "落ちる" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 落ち おち ochi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 落ち おち ochi
Shūshikei ("terminal") 落ちる おちる ochiru
Rentaikei ("attributive") 落ちる おちる ochiru
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 落ちれ おちれ ochire
Meireikei ("imperative") 落ちよ¹
落ちろ²		 おちよ¹
おちろ²		 ochiyo¹
ochiro²
Key constructions
Passive 落ちられる おちられる ochirareru
Causative 落ちさせる
落ちさす		 おちさせる
おちさす		 ochisaseru
ochisasu
Potential 落ちられる
落ちれる³		 おちられる
おちれる³		 ochirareru
ochireru³
Volitional 落ちよう おちよう ochiyō
Negative 落ちない
落ちぬ
落ちん		 おちない
おちぬ
おちん		 ochinai
ochinu
ochin
Negative continuative 落ちず おちず ochizu
Formal 落ちます おちます ochimasu
Perfective 落ちた おちた ochita
Conjunctive 落ちて おちて ochite
Hypothetical conditional 落ちれば おちれば ochireba
¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative
³ Colloquial potential

Idioms

Synonyms

Derived terms

See also

References
  1. 1998, 広辞苑 (Kōjien), Fifth Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN
  2. “落・堕・墜”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)‎ (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000, →ISBN
  3. “落ちる”, in デジタル大辞泉 (Dejitaru Daijisen)‎ (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, updated roughly every four months
  4. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  5. 1997, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Fifth Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  6. 2011, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Seventh Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
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