踏む

Japanese
Kanji in this term
踏
ふ
Grade: S
kun’yomi
Alternative spellings
履む
践む

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation
  • (Tokyo) ふむ [fùmú] (Heiban – [0])[1]
  • IPA(key): [ɸɯ̟ᵝmɯ̟ᵝ]
  • Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of "踏む"
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Terminal (終止形)
Attributive (連体形)		 踏む ふむ [fùmú]
Imperative (命令形) 踏め ふめ [fùmé]
Key constructions
Passive 踏まれる ふまれる [fùmárérú]
Causative 踏ませる ふませる [fùmásérú]
Potential 踏める ふめる [fùmérú]
Volitional 踏もう ふも​ー [fùmóꜜò]
Negative 踏まない ふまない [fùmánáí]
Negative perfective 踏まなかった ふまな​かった [fùmánáꜜkàttà]
Formal 踏みます ふみま​す [fùmímáꜜsù]
Perfective 踏んだ ふんだ [fùńdá]
Conjunctive 踏んで ふんで [fùńdé]
Hypothetical conditional 踏めば ふめ​ば [fùméꜜbà]

Verb

踏(ふ)む • (fumu) transitive godan (stem 踏(ふ)み (fumi), past 踏(ふ)んだ (funda))

  1. to step, tread
    ブレーキを踏(ふ)む ― burēki o fumu ― to press on the brakes
    四(し)股(こ)を踏(ふ)む ― shiko o fumu ― to step on all fours
  2. to set foot, visit
    ヨーロッパの土(つち)を踏(ふ)む ― Yōroppa no tsuchi o fumu ― to set foot on European soil
  3. to experience, go through
  4. to follow, go along
  5. (religion) to worship
    願(がん)かけに御(お)百(ひゃく)度(ど)を踏(ふ)む
    gankake ni o-hyakudo o fumu
    to worship a hundred times to pray for something
  6. to make estimates or valuations
    どう踏(ふ)んでも安(やす)物(もの)だ。
    Dō funde mo yasumono da.
    No matter how much you think it costs, it's a cheapie.
  7. to rhyme
    頭(とう)韻(いん)を踏(ふ)む ― tōin o fumu ― to alliterate
  8. to occupy a position
    帝(てい)位(い)を踏(ふ)む ― teii o fumu ― to step on the throne
  9. (stock market, in margin trading) to buy back open interest at the risk of loss
  10. (fishing) to clam with one's feet

Conjugation
Conjugation of "踏む" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 踏ま ふま fuma
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 踏み ふみ fumi
Shūshikei ("terminal") 踏む ふむ fumu
Rentaikei ("attributive") 踏む ふむ fumu
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 踏め ふめ fume
Meireikei ("imperative") 踏め ふめ fume
Key constructions
Passive 踏まれる ふまれる fumareru
Causative 踏ませる
踏ます		 ふませる
ふます		 fumaseru
fumasu
Potential 踏める ふめる fumeru
Volitional 踏もう ふもう fumō
Negative 踏まない ふまない fumanai
Negative continuative 踏まず ふまず fumazu
Formal 踏みます ふみます fumimasu
Perfective 踏んだ ふんだ funda
Conjunctive 踏んで ふんで funde
Hypothetical conditional 踏めば ふめば fumeba
Classical conjugation of "踏む" (マ行四段活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形) 踏まふまfuma
Continuative (連用形) 踏みふみfumi
Terminal (終止形) 踏むふむfumu
Attributive (連体形) 踏むふむfumu
Realis (已然形) 踏めふめfume
Imperative (命令形) 踏めふめfume
Key constructions
Negative 踏まずふまずfumazu
Contrasting conjunction 踏めどふめどfumedo
Causal conjunction 踏めばふめばfumeba
Conditional conjunction 踏まばふまばfumaba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge) 踏みきふみきfumiki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge) 踏みけりふみけりfumikeri
Perfect tense (conscious action) 踏みつふみつfumitu
Perfect tense (natural event) 踏みぬふみぬfuminu
Perfect-continuative tense 踏めり
踏みたり		ふめり
ふみたり		fumeri
fumitari
Volitional 踏まむふまむfumamu

Derived terms
  • ふみえ (fumie) (stepping on a picture of Christ to punish suspected Christians during the Shogunate)
  • ふみふみ (fumifumi) ("kneading", when a cat slowly presses its front paws on something to relax)

References
  1. 1974, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Second Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō
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