酷い

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
酷
ひど
Grade: S
kun’yomi

Derived from 非道 (hidō, “evil, inhumanity”).

Pronunciation

  • Tokyo pitch accent of inflected forms of "酷い"
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Continuative (連用形) 酷く ひ​どく
ひど​く
[híꜜdòkù]
[hìdóꜜkù]
Terminal (終止形) 酷い ひど​い [hìdóꜜì]
Attributive (連体形) 酷い ひど​い [hìdóꜜì]
Key constructions
Informal negative 酷くない ひ​どくない
ひど​くない
[híꜜdòkùnàì]
[hìdóꜜkùnàì]
Informal past 酷かった ひ​どかった
ひど​かった
[híꜜdòkàttà]
[hìdóꜜkàttà]
Informal negative past 酷くなかった ひ​どくなかった
ひど​くなかった
[híꜜdòkùnàkàttà]
[hìdóꜜkùnàkàttà]
Formal 酷いです ひど​いです [hìdóꜜìdèsù]
Conjunctive 酷くて ひ​どくて
ひど​くて
[híꜜdòkùtè]
[hìdóꜜkùtè]
Conditional 酷ければ ひ​どければ
ひど​ければ
[híꜜdòkèrèbà]
[hìdóꜜkèrèbà]

Adjective

酷(ひど)い • (hidoi) -i (adverbial 酷(ひど)く (hidoku))

  1. cruel
    ひどーい!
    Hidōi!
    You're mean! / That's mean!
  2. severe, terrible
    酷(ひど)い嵐(あらし)に巻(ま)き込(こ)まれた。
    Hidoi arashi ni makikomareta.
    I was caught in a severe storm.
  3. very bad, terrible
    酷(ひど)い結果(けっか)だった。
    Hidoi kekka datta.
    It was a terrible result.
Inflection

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
酷
むご
Grade: S
kun’yomi
Alternative spelling
惨い

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

Adjective

酷(むご)い • (mugoi) -i (adverbial 酷(むご)く (mugoku))

  1. horrible
  2. cruel
    あれは実(じつ)に酷(むご)い事件(じけん)だった。
    Are wa jitsu ni mugoi jiken datta.
    That was a really cruel incident.
Inflection

See also

References

  1. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. 1974, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Second Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō
  3. 1960, Tetsuo Hirayama (平山輝男, editor), 全国アクセント辞典 (Zenkoku Akusento Jiten, “Nationwide Accent Dictionary”), (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Tōkyōdō, →ISBN
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