閊える
Japanese
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 閊 |
| つか Hyōgaiji |
| kun’yomi |
Alternative forms
Etymology
From older 下二段 (shimo nidan, “lower bigrade”) verb form 閊う (tsukau),[1][2] itself formed from the 未然形 (mizenkei, “incomplete form”) つか (tsuka) of root verb つく (tsuku, “to stick”) + 助動詞 (jodōshi, “auxiliary verb”) ふ (fu, modern -u; indicates repetition or ongoing state).
Verb
閊える • (tsukaeru) ←つかへる (tukaferu)?transitive or intransitive ichidan (stem 閊え (tsukae), past 閊えた (tsukaeta))
- (intransitive) to get stuck
- to get jammed
- 引っ越しているところ、家具がドアで閊えてビルに入らなかった。
- Hikkoshite iru tokoro, kagu ga doa de tsukaete biru ni hairanakatta.
- As we were moving, some furniture got stuck in the door and wouldn't go into the building.
- 引っ越しているところ、家具がドアで閊えてビルに入らなかった。
- to become clogged
- 下水管が閊えて汚水が溢れてしまった。
- Gesuikan ga tsukaete osui ga afurete shimatta.
- The sewer pipe got clogged and sewage overflowed.
- 下水管が閊えて汚水が溢れてしまった。
- to get choked up, to feel pressure from anxiety or other strong emotion, such as in one's chest or throat
- 胸が閊える、喉が閊える
- mune ga tsukaeru, nodo ga tsukaeru
- to feel tight in one's chest, to feel choked up in one's throat
- 胸が閊える、喉が閊える
- to become stiff from tension (mainly said of one's shoulders)
- 色んな不安で肩が閊えて来た。
- Ironna fuan de kata ga tsukaete kita.
- What with various anxieties, I got stiff in my shoulders.
- 色んな不安で肩が閊えて来た。
- to get jammed
- (transitive) (archaic) to put both hands on the floor during a deep bow of thanks or supplication
- 手を閊えて座する
- te o tsukaete zasuru
- to take a seat with both hands on the floor in front of oneself
- 手を閊えて座する
Conjugation
Conjugation of "閊える" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 閊え | つかえ | tsukae | |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 閊え | つかえ | tsukae | |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 閊える | つかえる | tsukaeru | |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 閊える | つかえる | tsukaeru | |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 閊えれ | つかえれ | tsukaere | |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 閊えよ¹ 閊えろ² |
つかえよ¹ つかえろ² |
tsukaeyo¹ tsukaero² | |
| Key constructions | ||||
| Passive | 閊えられる | つかえられる | tsukaerareru | |
| Causative | 閊えさせる 閊えさす |
つかえさせる つかえさす |
tsukaesaseru tsukaesasu | |
| Potential | 閊えられる 閊えれる³ |
つかえられる つかえれる³ |
tsukaerareru tsukaereru³ | |
| Volitional | 閊えよう | つかえよう | tsukaeyō | |
| Negative | 閊えない 閊えぬ 閊えん |
つかえない つかえぬ つかえん |
tsukaenai tsukaenu tsukaen | |
| Negative continuative | 閊えず | つかえず | tsukaezu | |
| Formal | 閊えます | つかえます | tsukaemasu | |
| Perfective | 閊えた | つかえた | tsukaeta | |
| Conjunctive | 閊えて | つかえて | tsukaete | |
| Hypothetical conditional | 閊えれば | つかえれば | tsukaereba | |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ³ Colloquial potential | ||||
References
- 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
- 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
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