霞む

Japanese
Kanji in this term
霞
かす
Jinmeiyō
kun’yomi
Alternative spelling
翳む (become blurry)

Etymology

From Old Japanese.

From stem kasu-, cognate with classical adjective 幽し (kasukeshi, “faint”), adjective 微か (kasuka, “faint, dim”), and adverb かすかす (kasukasu, “barely”).[1]

Pronunciation
  • (Tokyo) かすむ [kàsúmú] (Heiban – [0])[2]
  • IPA(key): [ka̠sɨᵝmɯ̟ᵝ]
  • Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of "霞む"
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Terminal (終止形)
Attributive (連体形)		 霞む かすむ [kàsúmú]
Imperative (命令形) 霞め かすめ [kàsúmé]
Key constructions
Passive 霞まれる かすまれる [kàsúmárérú]
Causative 霞ませる かすませる [kàsúmásérú]
Potential - - -
Volitional 霞もう かすも​ー [kàsúmóꜜò]
Negative 霞まない かすまない [kàsúmánáí]
Negative perfective 霞まなかった かすまな​かった [kàsúmánáꜜkàttà]
Formal 霞みます かすみま​す [kàsúmímáꜜsù]
Perfective 霞んだ かすんだ [kàsúńdá]
Conjunctive 霞んで かすんで [kàsúńdé]
Hypothetical conditional 霞めば かすめ​ば [kàsúméꜜbà]

Verb

霞(かす)む • (kasumu) intransitive godan (stem 霞(かす)み (kasumi), past 霞(かす)んだ (kasunda))

Japanese verb pair
active 霞める
mediopassive 霞む
  1. to grow hazy, be misty
  2. to become blurry, especially when tears come out
    涙(なみだ)で霞(かす)んでしまう
    namida de kasunde shimau
    eyes get blurry with tears
  3. to get dim
  4. to be overshadowed

Conjugation
Conjugation of "霞む" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 霞ま かすま kasuma
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 霞み かすみ kasumi
Shūshikei ("terminal") 霞む かすむ kasumu
Rentaikei ("attributive") 霞む かすむ kasumu
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 霞め かすめ kasume
Meireikei ("imperative") 霞め かすめ kasume
Key constructions
Passive 霞まれる かすまれる kasumareru
Causative 霞ませる
霞ます		 かすませる
かすます		 kasumaseru
kasumasu
Potential 霞める かすめる kasumeru
Volitional 霞もう かすもう kasumō
Negative 霞まない かすまない kasumanai
Negative continuative 霞まず かすまず kasumazu
Formal 霞みます かすみます kasumimasu
Perfective 霞んだ かすんだ kasunda
Conjunctive 霞んで かすんで kasunde
Hypothetical conditional 霞めば かすめば kasumeba
Classical conjugation of "霞む" (マ行四段活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形) 霞まかすまkasuma
Continuative (連用形) 霞みかすみkasumi
Terminal (終止形) 霞むかすむkasumu
Attributive (連体形) 霞むかすむkasumu
Realis (已然形) 霞めかすめkasume
Imperative (命令形) 霞めかすめkasume
Key constructions
Negative 霞まずかすまずkasumazu
Contrasting conjunction 霞めどかすめどkasumedo
Causal conjunction 霞めばかすめばkasumeba
Conditional conjunction 霞まばかすまばkasumaba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge) 霞みきかすみきkasumiki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge) 霞みけりかすみけりkasumikeri
Perfect tense (conscious action) 霞みつかすみつkasumitu
Perfect tense (natural event) 霞みぬかすみぬkasuminu
Perfect-continuative tense 霞めり
霞みたり		かすめり
かすみたり		kasumeri
kasumitari
Volitional 霞まむかすまむkasumamu

Quotations

For quotations using this term, see Citations:霞む.

Derived terms
Derived terms
  • 霞(かすみ) (kasumi)
  • 霞(かす)み合(あ)ふ (kasumiau)
  • 霞(かす)み込(こ)む (kasumikomu)
  • 霞(かす)み残(のこ)る (kasuminokoru)
  • 霞(かす)み渡(わた)る (kasumiwataru)
  • 薄(うす)霞(がす)む (usugasumu)
  • 打(う)ち霞(かす)む (uchikasumu)
  • 鐘(かね)霞(かす)む (kanekasumu)
  • 草(くさ)霞(かす)む (kusakasumu)
  • 目(め)が霞(かす)む (me ga kasumu)

Verb

霞(かす)む • (kasumu) transitive †nidan

  1. (archaic) to blur
  2. (theater, archaic) in kabuki, for the 下座 (geza) musicians to play weakly and quietly
    Antonym: 生やす (oyasu)

Conjugation
Classical conjugation of "霞む" (マ行下二段活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形) 霞めかすめkasume
Continuative (連用形) 霞めかすめkasume
Terminal (終止形) 霞むかすむkasumu
Attributive (連体形) 霞むるかすむるkasumuru
Realis (已然形) 霞むれかすむれkasumure
Imperative (命令形) 霞めよかすめよkasumeyo
Key constructions
Negative 霞めずかすめずkasumezu
Contrasting conjunction 霞むれどかすむれどkasumuredo
Causal conjunction 霞むればかすむればkasumureba
Conditional conjunction 霞めばかすめばkasumeba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge) 霞めきかすめきkasumeki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge) 霞めけりかすめけりkasumekeri
Perfect tense (conscious action) 霞めつかすめつkasumetu
Perfect tense (natural event) 霞めぬかすめぬkasumenu
Perfect-continuative tense 霞めたりかすめたりkasumetari
Volitional 霞めむかすめむkasumemu

Derived terms
  • 霞(かす)める (kasumeru, modern form)

References
  1. 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
  2. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Old Japanese

Etymology

From stem kasu-, cognate with adjective 幽し (kaso1ke2si, “faint”).[1]

Verb

霞む (kasumu) (kana かすむ)

  1. to grow hazy, be misty

Conjugation
Classical conjugation of "霞む" (マ行四段活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形) 霞まかすまkasuma
Continuative (連用形) 霞みかすみkasumi
Terminal (終止形) 霞むかすむkasumu
Attributive (連体形) 霞むかすむkasumu
Realis (已然形) 霞めかすめkasume
Imperative (命令形) 霞めかすめkasume
Key constructions
Negative 霞まずかすまずkasumazu
Contrasting conjunction 霞めどかすめどkasumedo
Causal conjunction 霞めばかすめばkasumeba
Conditional conjunction 霞まばかすまばkasumaba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge) 霞みきかすみきkasumiki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge) 霞みけりかすみけりkasumikeri
Perfect tense (conscious action) 霞みつかすみつkasumitu
Perfect tense (natural event) 霞みぬかすみぬkasuminu
Perfect-continuative tense 霞めり
霞みたり		かすめり
かすみたり		kasumeri
kasumitari
Volitional 霞まむかすまむkasumamu

Quotations

For quotations using this term, see Citations:霞む.

Derived terms

Descendants
  • Japanese: 霞む, 翳む (kasumu, intransitive and archaic transitive)
    • 霞める, 翳める (kasumeru, modern transitive)

References
  1. 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
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