風浪

See also: 风浪

Chinese

		wind; news; style wind; news; style; custom; manner	wave; breaker; unrestrained wave; breaker; unrestrained; dissipated
trad. (風浪)		風	浪
simp. (风浪)		风	浪

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): fēnglàng

(Zhuyin): ㄈㄥㄌㄤˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): fung¹ long⁶
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): fûng-long
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): hong-lōng / hoang-lōng

(Teochew, Peng'im): huang¹ lang⁶

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: fēnglàng
  - Zhuyin: ㄈㄥㄌㄤˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: fonglàng
  - Wade–Giles: fêng¹-lang⁴
  - Yale: fēng-làng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fenglanq
  - Palladius: фэнлан (fɛnlan)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fɤŋ⁵⁵ lɑŋ⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: fung¹ long⁶
  - Yale: fūng lohng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: fung¹ long⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: fung¹ long⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fʊŋ⁵⁵ lɔːŋ²²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fûng-long
  - Hakka Romanization System: fung´ long
  - Hagfa Pinyim: fung¹ long⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /fuŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ loŋ⁵⁵/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hong-lōng
  - Tâi-lô: hong-lōng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: honglong
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ lɔŋ³³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /hɔŋ³³ lɔŋ⁴¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² lɔŋ²²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hoang-lōng
  - Tâi-lô: huang-lōng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hoanglong
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /huaŋ³³ lɔŋ⁴¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: huang¹ lang⁶
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: huang lăng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /huaŋ³³⁻²³ laŋ³⁵/

Middle Chinese: /pɨuŋ lɑŋ^H/

Rime
Character	風	浪
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	幫 (1)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	東 (2)	唐 (101)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	I
Fanqie	方戎切	來宕切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/pɨuŋ/	/lɑŋ^H/
Pan Wuyun	/piuŋ/	/lɑŋ^H/
Shao Rongfen	/piuŋ/	/lɑŋ^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/puwŋ/	/laŋ^H/
Li Rong	/piuŋ/	/lɑŋ^H/
Wang Li	/pĭuŋ/	/lɑŋ^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/pi̯uŋ/	/lɑŋ^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	fēng	làng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	fung¹	long⁶

Noun

風浪

(literally) stormy waves; storm
(figuratively) hardship

Synonyms

(stormy waves):

Dialectal synonyms of 風浪 (“stormy waves”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		風浪
Mandarin	Taiwan	風浪
Mandarin	Singapore	風浪
Cantonese	Hong Kong	風浪
Hakka	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	風浪
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	風浪
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	風浪
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	風浪
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	風浪
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	風浪
Min Nan	Xiamen	風湧
	Quanzhou	風湧
	Zhangzhou	風湧
	Tainan	風湧
	Jieyang	風湧
	Leizhou	風湧
	Haikou	風湧

(hardship):

困苦 (kùnkǔ)
魔障 (mózhàng) (figurative)
患難／患难 (huànnàn)

憂患／忧患 (yōuhuàn)
磨難／磨难 (mónàn)

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