돼지

Korean

Etymology

From Early Modern Korean 되야지 (twoyyaci), 도야지 (doyaji).

Perhaps from a form of Middle Korean 돝 (twòth, “pig, swine”), *돌 (*dol, “pig, swine”) +‎ 아지 (-aji, “diminutive suffix”) with a development similar to 말 (mal) and 망아지 (mang'aji) with forms such as Korean 매아지 (maeaji) and Middle Korean ᄆᆞ야지 (moyaci), ᄆᆡ야지 (moyyaci). While *돌 (*dol) itself isn't attested, its possible derivatives can be found in Korean dialects: 멧돌 (metdol), 메돌 (medol, “boar, lit. mountain pig”), and 똘또리 (ttolttori, “pig”).

Alexander Vovin speculates that this is a wanderwort, related to Middle Chinese 豚 (MC duən, “pig”) and Common Turkic *toŋuz and perhaps from a Turkic source antecedent to Common Turkic.[1]

Pronunciation
  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ˈtwɛ(ː)d͡ʑi] ~ [ˈtwe̞(ː)d͡ʑi]
  • Phonetic hangul: [돼(ː)지/뒈(ː)지]
    • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
Romanizations
Revised Romanization?dwaeji
Revised Romanization (translit.)?dwaeji
McCune–Reischauer?twaeji
Yale Romanization?twāyci
  • South Gyeongsang (Busan) pitch accent: 돼지의 / 돼지에 / 돼지까지

    Syllables in red take high pitch. This word always takes high pitch only on the first syllable, and lowers the pitch of subsequent suffixes.

Noun

돼지 • (dwaeji) (counter 마리)

  1. pig, swine
  2. (derogatory) fatty, pig
    Antonym: 멸치 (myeolchi)

Derived terms
  • 개돼지 (gaedwaeji, “ignorant masses”, literally “dogs and pigs”)
  • 돼지고기 (dwaejigogi, “pork”)
  • 멧돼지 (metdwaeji, “wild boar”)
  • 수퇘지 (sutwaeji, “boar”)
  • 악대돼지 (akdaedwaeji, “hog”)
  • 암퇘지 (amtwaeji, “sow”)

See also
Foods

References
  1. Vovin, Alexander (2011), “First and second person singular pronouns: a pillar or a pillory of the ‘Altaic’ hypothesis?”, in Türk Dilleri Araştırmaları‎, volume 21, issue 2, pages 260—262
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