있다

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Korean 잇다 (ista), from Old Korean 有叱 (*Is-). Related to the past tense marker 었 (-eot).

Pronunciation
  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [it̚t͈a̠]
    • (file)
  • Phonetic hangul: [읻따]
Romanizations
Revised Romanization?itda
Revised Romanization (translit.)?issda
McCune–Reischauer?itta
Yale Romanization?issta

Verb

있다 • (itda) (infinitive 있어, sequential 있으니)

  1. to be (in a place); to exist
    ^뉴욕은 ^미국에 있다.
    Nyuyog-eun Migug-e itda.
    New York is in the United States.
    물속에 물고기가 있다.
    Mulsog-e mulgogi-ga itda.
    There are fish in the water.
    Antonym: 없다 (eopda)
  2. to have
    그녀는 남자친구가 있다.
    Geunyeo-neun namjachin'gu-ga itda.
    She has a boyfriend.
    저는 집도 있고 차도 있어요.
    Jeo-neun jip-do itgo cha-do isseoyo.
    I have a house and a car.
    Antonym: 없다 (eopda)
  3. (auxiliary, after the 어/아 (-eo/a) infinitive) to be (in a state)
    죽어 있다 ― jugeo itda ― to be dead
    모여 있다 ― moyeo itda ― to be gathered together
  4. (auxiliary, after the 고 (-go) connective) to be in the process of
    죽고 있다 ― jukgo itda ― to be dying
    모이고 있다 ― moigo itda ― to be gathering together

Conjugation
    Selected forms of the verb 있다 (itda): consonant-stem, regular
Sentence-final forms
Formal non-polite
(해라체)		 Informal non-polite
(해체)		 Informal polite
(해요체)		 Formal polite
(하십시오체)
Indicative Non-past 있는다
inneunda		 있어
isseo		 있어요
isseoyo		 있습니다
itseumnida
Past 있었다
isseotda		 있었어
isseosseo		 있었어요
isseosseoyo		 있었습니다
isseotseumnida
Interrogative Non-past 있느냐
inneunya		 있어
isseo		 있어요
isseoyo		 있습니까
itseumnikka
Past 있었느냐
isseonneunya		 있었어
isseosseo		 있었어요
isseosseoyo		 있었습니까
isseotseumnikka
Hortative 있자
itja		있어
isseo		있어요
isseoyo		있읍시다
isseupsida
Imperative 있어라
isseora		있어
isseo		있어요
isseoyo		있읍시오
isseupsio
Assertive 있겠다
itgetda		있겠어
itgesseo		있겠어요
itgesseoyo		있겠습니다
itgetseumnida
Connective forms
Cause/Reason 있어
isseo		있어서
isseoseo		있으니
isseuni		있으니까
isseunikka
Contrast 있지만
itjiman		있는데
inneunde		있더니
itdeoni
Conjunction 있고
itgo
Condition 있으면
isseumyeon		있어야
isseoya
Motive 있으려고
isseuryeogo
Noun and determiner forms
Verbal nouns 있음
isseum		있기
itgi
Past-tense verbal nouns 있었음
isseosseum		있었기
isseotgi
Determiners Past 있은
isseun
Present 있는
inneun
Future 있을
isseul

(to be in a place, to exist): 계시다 (gyesida)
(to be in a state): 계시다 (gyesida)
(to have): 있으시다 (isseusida)

Derived terms
  • 있잖아 (itjana)

See also
  • 이다 (ida, “to equal (copula)”)
  • 아니다 (anida, “not to equal (negative copula)”)
  • 계시다 (gyesida, “to stay”) honorific form of 있다
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