하늘

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Korean 하ᄂᆞᆶ〮 (hànólh), probably from Old Korean 天乙 (*HANOr). Perhaps related to Middle Korean 하다〮 (Yale: hà-tá, “to be large; to be great”).[1] The Middle Korean /-h/ may be the remnant of an ancient place-related suffix; see Appendix:Middle Korean h-final nouns.

In the Hangul script, first attested in the Yongbi eocheon'ga (龍飛御天歌 / 용비어천가), 1447, as Middle Korean 하ᄂᆞᆶ〮 (Yale: hànólh).

Pronunciation
  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ha̠nɯɭ]
    • (file)
  • Phonetic hangul: [하늘]
Romanizations
Revised Romanization?haneul
Revised Romanization (translit.)?haneul
McCune–Reischauer?hanŭl
Yale Romanization?hanul
  • South Gyeongsang (Busan) pitch accent: 하늘의 / 하늘에 / 하늘까지

    Syllables in red take high pitch. This word always takes high pitch only on the first syllable, and lowers the pitch of subsequent suffixes.

Noun
하늘 (haneul, “sky”).

하늘 • (haneul)

  1. sky
    하늘과 땅 차이 ― haneulgwa ttang chai ― a world of difference (literally, “the difference of sky and land”)
    Coordinate term: 땅 (ttang, “earth; land”)
  2. (chiefly Confucianism) heaven
    하늘이 무섭지 않은가? ― Haneuli museopji aneun'ga? ― Do you not fear heaven?
  3. (Christianity) heavenly god
  4. (obsolete) palate
    Synonym: 입천장 (ipcheonjang)

Derived terms

See also

References
  1. 이동석 (2005) 국어 음운 현상의 공시성과 통시성 [Synchrony and Diachrony in Korean Phonological Processes], 한국문화사, →ISBN, page 273
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