𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌰

Gothic

Etymology

Ultimately from Latin leō. Saskia Pronk-Tiethoff reconstructed the term in 2013 as *liwa before being aware of its attestation (which was discovered as a genitive plural laiwanē in the Gothica Bononiensia, which were first published around that very time), attributing the Slavic forms to a Gothic intermediary based on a hypothetical i-vocalism as she thought would be expected from a Gothic term derived from leō. The form laiwa is not an entirely certain reading due to the poor legibility of the manuscript; the correct reading may still be liwa, but Falluomini (2017) favours the form with -ai-.

Some Gothic given names attested in Latinized form may also contain this term. This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈlɛ.wa/

Noun

𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌰 • (laiwa) m

(hapax) lion (animal)
- 6th century, anonymous author, folio 1 verso (after Falluomini 2017) of the Gothica Bononiensia sermon (referring here to Daniel 6:22, 27):
  ... 𐌸𐌿𐌴𐌹 𐌳𐌰𐌽𐌹𐌴𐌻 𐌿𐍃 𐌱[𐌰]𐌻𐌾𐍉𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽𐌴 𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌴 𐌼𐌿𐌽𐌸𐌰𐌼 𐌼𐌰𐌽𐍅𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌴 𐌳𐌿 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐍃𐌻𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽 𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌰𐍃𐌹𐌳𐌴𐍃.
  ... þuei daniēl us b[a]ljōndanē laiwanē munþam manwjanē du fraslindan ganasidēs.
  You who saved Daniel from the mouths of roaring lions ready to devour [him]

Declension

May theoretically have been either masculine or neuter, but as Latin leō and Koine Greek λέων (léōn) are both masculine, the Gothic term is probably masculine as well.

Masculine an-stem
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌰 laiwa	𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌽𐍃 laiwans
Vocative	𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌰 laiwa	𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌽𐍃 laiwans
Accusative	𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌽 laiwan	𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌽𐍃 laiwans
Genitive	𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌹𐌽𐍃 laiwins	𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌴 laiwanē
Dative	𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌹𐌽 laiwin	𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌼 laiwam

Hypernyms

𐌳𐌹𐌿𐍃 (dius, “wild animal”)

Coordinate terms

𐍆𐌰𐌿𐌷𐍉 (fauhō, “fox”)
𐍅𐌿𐌻𐍆𐍃 (wulfs, “wolf”)

Descendants

→ Proto-Slavic: *lьvъ
- East Slavic:
  - Old East Slavic: львъ (lĭvŭ), левъ (levŭ)
    - Old Ruthenian: левъ (lev)
      - Belarusian: леў (ljeŭ)
      - Rusyn: лев (lev)
      - Ukrainian: лев (lev)
    - Russian: лев (lev), левъ (lev)
      - → Ingrian: leva
      - → Kildin Sami: левв (l’evv)
      - → Komi-Zyrian: лев (ľev)
      - → Ossetian: лев (lev)
      - → Veps: lev
- South Slavic:
  - Old Church Slavonic:
    Old Cyrillic: львъ (lĭvŭ)
    Glagolitic: ⰾⱐⰲⱏ (lĭvŭ)
  - Bulgarian: лъв (lǎv), лев (lev)
  - Macedonian: лав (lav)
  - Serbo-Croatian:
    Cyrillic: ла̏в
    Latin: lȁv
  - Slovene: lȅv
- West Slavic:
  - Old Czech: lev
    - Czech: lev
  - Kashubian: lew
  - Polabian: ľåv
  - Polish: lew
  - Slovak: lev
  - Sorbian:
    - Lower Sorbian: law
    - Upper Sorbian: law

References

Pronk-Tiethoff, Saskia E. (2013) The Germanic loanwords in Proto-Slavic‎ (in English), Amsterdam - New York: Rodopi, →ISBN

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