-ʼAAL

Etymology

From Proto-Athabaskan *ʼa̓tɬʼ (“to chew, to bite”).

Cognate root found in Ahtna cʼeʼaał (“he is chewing sth”), yizʼał (“he bit it once”), Gwich'in iiʼàal (“I ate it”), Chipewyan ɣɛsʼaíł (“Iʼm chewing it”)

Found in Navajo in bases related to the eating of hard or crispy food like peanut, candy, celery, bacon.

Root

-ʼAAL

  1. to eat hard object
Theme Category Bases + Unspec object
Ø operative

S eats O

  • yiʼniiʼaał (MOM)
  • niyíʼaał
  • néineestʼaal (+d rev.)
  • néidínítʼaał (+d rev.)
  • yiʼaał (DUR)
↳ áde yitʼaał (+d refl.)

S eats

  • iʼniiʼaał (MOM)
  • —
  • náʼneestʼaal
  • —
  • aʼaał (DUR)
↳ áde atʼaał

Stem set
Aspect IMP PERF FUT ITER OPT
MOM -ʼaał -ʼaal -ʼał -ʼał -ʼaał
DUR -ʼaał -ʼaal -ʼał -ʼał -ʼaał

See also Appendix: Roots and stems derivation.

Synonyms

to eat:

to chew, to bite:

Derived terms

Navajo terms belonging to the root -ʼAAL (eat hard)

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