-ιος

See also: ιός, Ίος, and ἰός

Ancient Greek

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *-yós.

Pronunciation
 

Suffix

-ῐος • (-ios) m (feminine -ῐ́ᾱ, neuter -ῐον); first/second declension

  1. Suffix added to nouns or adjectives, forming adjectives: pertaining to, belonging to ("of").

Inflection
First and second declension of -ῐος; -ῐᾱ; -ῐον (Attic)
Number Singular Dual Plural
Case/Gender MasculineFeminine Neuter MasculineFeminine Neuter MasculineFeminine Neuter
Nominative -ῐος
-ios		 -ῐᾱ
-iā		 -ῐον
-ion		 -ῐω
-iō		 -ῐᾱ
-iā		 -ῐω
-iō		 -ῐοι
-ioi		 -ῐαι
-iai		 -ῐᾰ
-ia
Genitive -ῐου
-iou		 -ῐᾱς
-iās		 -ῐου
-iou		 -ῐοιν
-ioin		 -ῐαιν
-iain		 -ῐοιν
-ioin		 -ῐων
-iōn		 -ῐων
-iōn		 -ῐων
-iōn
Dative -ῐῳ
-iōi		 -ῐᾳ
-iāi		 -ῐῳ
-iōi		 -ῐοιν
-ioin		 -ῐαιν
-iain		 -ῐοιν
-ioin		 -ῐοις
-iois		 -ῐαις
-iais		 -ῐοις
-iois
Accusative -ῐον
-ion		 -ῐᾱν
-iān		 -ῐον
-ion		 -ῐω
-iō		 -ῐᾱ
-iā		 -ῐω
-iō		 -ῐους
-ious		 -ῐᾱς
-iās		 -ῐᾰ
-ia
Vocative -ῐε
-ie		 -ῐᾱ
-iā		 -ῐον
-ion		 -ῐω
-iō		 -ῐᾱ
-iā		 -ῐω
-iō		 -ῐοι
-ioi		 -ῐαι
-iai		 -ῐᾰ
-ia
Derived forms Adverb Comparative Superlative
-ῐως
-iōs		 -ῐώτερος
-iṓteros		 -ῐώτᾰτος
-iṓtatos
Notes:
  • This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.
First and second declension of -ῐος; -ῐη; -ῐον (Epic)
Number Singular Dual Plural
Case/Gender MasculineFeminine Neuter MasculineFeminine Neuter MasculineFeminine Neuter
Nominative -ῐος
-ios		 -ῐη
-iē		 -ῐον
-ion		 -ῐω
-iō		 -ῐᾱ
-iā		 -ῐω
-iō		 -ῐοι
-ioi		 -ῐαι
-iai		 -ῐᾰ
-ia
Genitive -ῐου / -ῐοῖο / -ῐοιο / -ῐόο / -ῐοο
-iou / -ioîo / -ioio / -ióo / -ioo		 -ῐης
-iēs		 -ῐου / -ῐοῖο / -ῐοιο / -ῐόο / -ῐοο
-iou / -ioîo / -ioio / -ióo / -ioo		 -ῐοιῐν
-ioiin		 -ῐαιν / -ῐαιῐν / -ῐῃῐν
-iai(i)n / -iēiin		 -ῐοιῐν
-ioiin		 -ῐων
-iōn		 -ῐᾱ́ων / -ῐέ͜ων / -ῐῶν
-iā́ōn / -ié͜ōn / -iôn		 -ῐων
-iōn
Dative -ῐῳ
-iōi		 -ῐῃ
-iēi		 -ῐῳ
-iōi		 -ῐοιῐν
-ioiin		 -ῐαιν / -ῐαιῐν / -ῐῃῐν
-iai(i)n / -iēiin		 -ῐοιῐν
-ioiin		 -ῐοισῐ / -ῐοισῐν / -ῐοις
-ioisi(n) / -iois		 -ῐῃσῐ / -ῐῃσῐν / -ῐῃς / -ῐαις
-iēisi(n) / -iēis / -iais		 -ῐοισῐ / -ῐοισῐν / -ῐοις
-ioisi(n) / -iois
Accusative -ῐον
-ion		 -ῐην
-iēn		 -ῐον
-ion		 -ῐω
-iō		 -ῐᾱ
-iā		 -ῐω
-iō		 -ῐους
-ious		 -ῐᾱς
-iās		 -ῐᾰ
-ia
Vocative -ῐε
-ie		 -ῐη
-iē		 -ῐον
-ion		 -ῐω
-iō		 -ῐᾱ
-iā		 -ῐω
-iō		 -ῐοι
-ioi		 -ῐαι
-iai		 -ῐᾰ
-ia
Derived forms Adverb Comparative Superlative
-ῐως
-iōs		 -ῐώτερος
-iṓteros		 -ῐώτᾰτος
-iṓtatos
Notes:
  • Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution.
First and second declension of -ῐος; -ῐη; -ῐον (Ionic)
Number Singular Dual Plural
Case/Gender MasculineFeminine Neuter MasculineFeminine Neuter MasculineFeminine Neuter
Nominative -ῐος
-ios		 -ῐη
-iē		 -ῐον
-ion		 -ῐω
-iō		 -ῐᾱ
-iā		 -ῐω
-iō		 -ῐοι
-ioi		 -ῐαι
-iai		 -ῐᾰ
-ia
Genitive -ῐου
-iou		 -ῐης
-iēs		 -ῐου
-iou		 -ῐοιν
-ioin		 -ῐαιν
-iain		 -ῐοιν
-ioin		 -ῐων
-iōn		 -ῐέων / -ῐῶν
-iéōn / -iôn		 -ῐων
-iōn
Dative -ῐῳ
-iōi		 -ῐῃ
-iēi		 -ῐῳ
-iōi		 -ῐοιν
-ioin		 -ῐαιν
-iain		 -ῐοιν
-ioin		 -ῐοισῐ / -ῐοισῐν / -ῐοις
-ioisi(n) / -iois		 -ῐῃσῐ / -ῐῃσῐν
-iēisi(n)		 -ῐοισῐ / -ῐοισῐν / -ῐοις
-ioisi(n) / -iois
Accusative -ῐον
-ion		 -ῐην
-iēn		 -ῐον
-ion		 -ῐω
-iō		 -ῐᾱ
-iā		 -ῐω
-iō		 -ῐους
-ious		 -ῐᾱς
-iās		 -ῐᾰ
-ia
Vocative -ῐε
-ie		 -ῐη
-iē		 -ῐον
-ion		 -ῐω
-iō		 -ῐᾱ
-iā		 -ῐω
-iō		 -ῐοι
-ioi		 -ῐαι
-iai		 -ῐᾰ
-ia
Derived forms Adverb Comparative Superlative
-ῐως
-iōs		 -ῐώτερος
-iṓteros		 -ῐώτᾰτος
-iṓtatos
Notes:
  • Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution.

Derived terms
Ancient Greek terms suffixed with -ιος

Descendants
  • Greek: -ιος (-ios)

References
  • Smyth, Herbert Weir (1920), “Part III: Formation of Words”, in A Greek grammar for colleges, Cambridge: American Book Company, § 858.2

Greek

Etymology 1

From Ancient Greek -ῐος (-ios). Found in inherited words, and compositions of formal words.

Pronunciation

for older or formal words:

  • IPA(key): /i.os/
  • Hyphenation: ι‧ος

Suffix

-ιος • (-ios) m (feminine -ια, neuter -ιο)

  1. Used to form nouns and adjectives indicating origin:
    ‎Κύπρος (Kýpros, “Cyprus”) + ‎-ιος (-ios) → ‎Κύπριος (Kýprios, “Cypriot”) (noun, demonym)
    Related term: -αίος (-aíos) for demonyms
    ‎θάλασσα (thálassa, “sea”) + ‎-ιος (-ios) → ‎θαλάσσιος (thalássios, “marine”) (adjective)
    ‎αιώνας (aiónas, “century”) + ‎-ιος (-ios) → ‎αιώνιος (aiónios, “eternal”) (adjective)
Declension
Declension of -ιος
number 
case \ gender 		 singular plural
masculine feminine neuter masculine feminine neuter
nominative -ιος • -ια • / -ία • -ιο • -ιοι • -ιες • -ια •
genitive -ιου • / -ίου • -ιας • / -ίας • -ιου • / -ίου • -ιων • / -ίων • -ιων • / -ίων • -ιων • / -ίων •
accusative -ιο • -ια • / -ία • -ιο • -ιους • / -ίους • -ιες • -ια •
vocative -ιε • -ια • / -ία • -ιο • -ιοι • -ιες • -ια •
derivations Comparative: πιο + positive forms (e.g. πιο -ιος, etc.)
Relative superlative: definite article + πιο + positive forms (e.g. ο πιο -ιος, etc.)

Etymology 2

Modern formations of derivatives from verbs or adjectives + -ιος (-ios)

Pronunciation

in one syllable:

  • IPA(key): /i̯os/ with palatal variants /ʝos, ʎos, ços, ɲos/ depending on the preceding consonant
  • Hyphenation: ιος

Suffix

-ιος • (-ios) m (feminine -ια, neuter -ιο)

  1. Used to form adjectives indicating property, characteristic of the prototype word:
    ‎σαπίζω (sapízo, “I rot”) + ‎-ιος (-ios) → ‎σάπιος (sápios, “rotten”) /ˈsapços/ (from verb)
    ‎καθαρός (katharós, “clean”) + ‎-ιος (-ios) → ‎καθάριος (kathários, “clear”) /kaˈθaɾʝos/ (from adjective)
Declension
Declension of -ιος
number 
case \ gender 		 singular plural
masculine feminine neuter masculine feminine neuter
nominative -ιος • -ια • -ιο • -ιοι • -ιες • -ια •
genitive -ιου • -ιας • -ιου • -ιων • -ιων • -ιων •
accusative -ιο • -ια • -ιο • -ιους • -ιες • -ια •
vocative -ιε • -ια • -ιο • -ιοι • -ιες • -ια •
derivations Comparative: πιο + positive forms (e.g. πιο -ιος, etc.)
Relative superlative: definite article + πιο + positive forms (e.g. ο πιο -ιος, etc.)
  • -ειος (-eios)

Derived terms
Greek terms suffixed with -ιος
  • -ιός (-iós)

Further reading
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