-TSAʼ

Etymology

From Proto-Athabaskan *tsαɢ (“to act with teeth by biting”).

In Navajo this root often occurs with the emphatic infix -x-.

It is related to the noun atsá (“eagle”).

Root

-TSAʼ

  1. to bite down, to grasp (with teeth or beak), to clench
Theme Category Bases Transitive bases (O + ł)
O + ł motion

S carries O clamped in teeth or beak

  • yiłtsééh (Ø-MOM)
  • iiłtsééh
  • adeiłtsééh
  • yidiiłtsééh
  • haiłtsééh
  • yisdéíłtsééh
  • yíłtsééh (ni-MOM)
  • chʼííłtsééh
  • niyíłtsééh
  • neiłtsaʼ (CONT)
  • yoołtsah (PROG)
O + Ø successive

S grasps O with teeth or beak

  • yiyiitsah (SEM)
  • dádiitsxah
  • yidiniitsxah (+d)
↳ ahidiniitsxah
yíní + Ø stative

S has O clamped in teeth or beak

  • yótsaʼ (NEUT)
di + Ø ?

S releases P from teeth

  • yiiditsééh (MOM)

Stem set
Aspect IMP PERF FUT ITER OPT
MOM -tsééh -tsaʼ -tsah -tsah -tsééh
CONT -tsaʼ -tsaʼ -tsah -tsah -tsaʼ
SEM -tsah -tsah -tsah -tsah -tsah
NEUT - -tsaʼ - - -

See also Appendix: Roots and stems derivation.

Derived terms

Navajo terms belonging to the root -TSAʼ (grasp with teeth)

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