-tuma
Estonian
Etymology
From Proto-Finnic *-tudak. Cognate with Finnish -tua.
Suffix
-tuma (da-infinitive -tuda)
- Forms inchoative, passive and middle intransitive verbs meaning "becoming" or "making into".; -en, -fy
Inflection
Inflection of -tuma (ÕS type 27/elama, no gradation)
| indicative | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present | perfect | ||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||
| 1st sing. | -tun | ei -tu | 1st sing. | olen -tunud | ei ole -tunud pole -tunud | ||||
| 2nd sing. | -tud | 2nd sing. | oled -tunud | ||||||
| 3rd sing. | -tub | 3rd sing. | on -tunud | ||||||
| 1st plur. | -tume | 1st plur. | oleme -tunud | ||||||
| 2nd plur. | -tute | 2nd plur. | olete -tunud | ||||||
| 3rd plur. | -tuvad | 3rd plur. | on -tunud | ||||||
| passive | -tutakse | ei -tuta | passive | on -tutud | ei ole -tutud pole -tutud | ||||
| past | pluperfect | ||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||
| 1st sing. | -tusin | ei -tunud | 1st sing. | olin -tunud | ei olnud -tunud polnud -tunud | ||||
| 2nd sing. | -tusid | 2nd sing. | olid -tunud | ||||||
| 3rd sing. | -tus | 3rd sing. | oli -tunud | ||||||
| 1st plur. | -tusime | 1st plur. | olime -tunud | ||||||
| 2nd plur. | -tusite | 2nd plur. | olite -tunud | ||||||
| 3rd plur. | -tusid | 3rd plur. | oli -tunud | ||||||
| passive | -tuti | ei -tutud | passive | oli -tutud | ei olnud -tutud polnud -tutud | ||||
| conditional | |||||||||
| present | perfect | ||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||
| 1st sing. | -tuksin | ei -tuks | 1st sing. | oleksin -tunud | ei oleks -tunud poleks -tunud | ||||
| 2nd sing. | -tuksid | 2nd sing. | oleksid -tunud | ||||||
| 3rd sing. | -tuks | 3rd sing. | oleks -tunud | ||||||
| 1st plur. | -tuksime | 1st plur. | oleksime -tunud | ||||||
| 2nd plur. | -tuksite | 2nd plur. | oleksite -tunud | ||||||
| 3rd plur. | -tuksid | 3rd plur. | oleksid -tunud | ||||||
| passive | -tutaks | ei -tutaks | passive | oleks -tutud | ei oleks -tutud poleks -tutud | ||||
| imperative | |||||||||
| present | perfect | ||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||
| 1st sing. | — | — | 1st sing. | — | — | ||||
| 2nd sing. | -tu | ära -tu | 2nd sing. | — | — | ||||
| 3rd sing. | -tugu | ärgu -tugu | 3rd sing. | olgu -tunud | ärgu olgu -tunud | ||||
| 1st plur. | -tugem | ärgem -tugem | 1st plur. | — | — | ||||
| 2nd plur. | -tuge | ärge -tuge | 2nd plur. | — | — | ||||
| 3rd plur. | -tugu | ärgu -tugu | 3rd plur. | olgu -tunud | ärgu olgu -tunud | ||||
| passive | -tutagu | ärgu -tutagu | passive | olgu -tutud | ärgu olgu -tutud | ||||
| quotative | |||||||||
| present | perfect | ||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||
| active | -tuvat | ei -tuvat | active | olevat -tunud | ei olevat -tunud polevat -tunud | ||||
| passive | -tutavat | ei -tutavat | passive | olevat -tutud | ei olevat -tutud polevat -tutud | ||||
| Nominal forms | |||||||||
| ma-infinitive | active | passive | da-infinitive | active | passive | ||||
| nominative | -tuma | -tutama | da-form | -tuda | — | ||||
| inessive | -tumas | — | des-form | -tudes | — | ||||
| elative | -tumast | — | participle | active | passive | ||||
| translative | -tumaks | — | present | -tuv | -tutav | ||||
| abessive | -tumata | — | past | -tunud | -tutud | ||||
Derived terms
► <a href='/wiki/Category:Estonian_words_suffixed_with_-tuma' title='Category:Estonian words suffixed with -tuma'>Estonian words suffixed with -tuma</a>
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