< Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic
Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/ɸarnati
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This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Celtic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *perh₃-. The future stem is from reduplicated *pi-pr̥h₃-; the change of -ɸr- to -br- in Proto-Celtic is phonologically regular.
Inflection
| Athematic present, root aorist | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Active voice | ||||
| Present | Imperfect | Future | Preterite | |
| 1st singular | *ɸarnami | *ɸarnamam | *ɸibrāsū | *ɸīram |
| 2nd singular | *ɸarnasi | *ɸarnatās | *ɸibrāsesi | *ɸīras |
| 3rd singular | *ɸarnati | *ɸarnato | *ɸibrāseti | *ɸīrat |
| 1st plural | *ɸarnamosi | *ɸarnamo | *ɸibrāsomosi | *ɸīrame |
| 2nd plural | *ɸarnatesi | *ɸarnastē | *ɸibrāsetesi | *ɸīrate |
| 3rd plural | *ɸarnanti | *ɸarnanto | *ɸibrāsonti | *ɸīrant |
| Pres. subjunctive | Past subjunctive | Imperative | ||
| 1st singular | *ɸerasū | ? | — | |
| 2nd singular | *ɸerasesi | ? | *ɸarna | |
| 3rd singular | *ɸeraseti | ? | *ɸarnatou | |
| 1st plural | *ɸerasomosi | ? | *ɸarnamos | |
| 2nd plural | *ɸerasetesi | ? | *ɸarnate | |
| 3rd plural | *ɸerasonti | ? | *ɸarnantou | |
| Passive voice | ||||
| Present | Imperfect | Future | Preterite | |
| 1st singular | *ɸarnar | — | *ɸibrāsūr | — |
| 2nd singular | *ɸarnatar | — | *ɸibrāsetar | — |
| 3rd singular | *ɸarnator | ? | *ɸibrāsetor | — |
| 1st plural | *ɸarnammor | — | *ɸibrāsommor | — |
| 2nd plural | *ɸarnadwe | — | *ɸibrāsedwe | — |
| 3rd plural | *ɸarnantor | ? | *ɸibrāsontor | — |
| Pres. subjunctive | Past subjunctive | Imperative | ||
| 1st singular | *ɸerasūr | — | — | |
| 2nd singular | *ɸerasetar | — | — | |
| 3rd singular | *ɸerasetor | — | — | |
| 1st plural | *ɸerasommor | — | — | |
| 2nd plural | *ɸerasedwe | — | — | |
| 3rd plural | *ɸerasontor | — | — | |
| Declension of the past participle | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *ɸrātos | *ɸrātou | *ɸrātoi |
| vocative | *ɸrāte | *ɸrātou | *ɸrātūs |
| accusative | *ɸrātom | *ɸrātou | *ɸrātoms |
| genitive | *ɸrātī | *ɸrātous | *ɸrātom |
| dative | *ɸrātūi | *ɸrātobom | *ɸrātobos |
| instrumental | *ɸrātū | *ɸrātobim | *ɸrātobis |
| feminine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *ɸrātā | *ɸrātai | *ɸrātās |
| vocative | *ɸrātā | *ɸrātai | *ɸrātās |
| accusative | *ɸrātam | *ɸrātai | *ɸrātams |
| genitive | *ɸrātās | *ɸrātous | *ɸrātom |
| dative | *ɸrātai | *ɸrātābom | *ɸrātābos |
| instrumental | *? | *ɸrātābim | *ɸrātābis |
| neuter | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *ɸrātom | *ɸrātou | *ɸrātā |
| vocative | *ɸrātom | *ɸrātou | *ɸrātā |
| accusative | *ɸrātom | *ɸrātou | *ɸrātā |
| genitive | *ɸrātī | *ɸrātous | *ɸrātom |
| dative | *ɸrātūi | *ɸrātobom | *ɸrātobos |
| instrumental | *ɸrātū | *ɸrātobim | *ɸrātobis |
Descendants
- Old Irish: ernaid
References
- Matasović, Ranko (2009), “*far-na-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 122
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