< Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic
Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/kerdeti
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This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Celtic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *kerd- (“to swing”), often compared to Ancient Greek κραδάω (kradáō, “to shake”).[1]
Inflection
| Thematic present, suffixless preterite | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Active voice | ||||
| Present | Imperfect | Future | Preterite | |
| 1st singular | *kerdū | *kerdemam | *kikritsū | *karda |
| 2nd singular | *kerdesi | *kerdetās | *kikritsesi | *kardas? |
| 3rd singular | *kerdeti | *kerdeto | *kikritseti | *karde |
| 1st plural | *kerdomosi | *kerdemo | *kikritsomosi | *kardmo |
| 2nd plural | *kerdetesi | *kerdestē | *kikritsetesi | ? |
| 3rd plural | *kerdonti | *kerdento | *kikritsonti | *kardar |
| Pres. subjunctive | Past subjunctive | Imperative | ||
| 1st singular | *kertsū | ? | — | |
| 2nd singular | *kertsesi | ? | *kerde | |
| 3rd singular | *kertseti | ? | *kerdetou | |
| 1st plural | *kertsomosi | ? | *kerdomos | |
| 2nd plural | *kertsetesi | ? | *kerdete | |
| 3rd plural | *kertsonti | ? | *kerdontou | |
| Passive voice | ||||
| Present | Imperfect | Future | Preterite | |
| 1st singular | *kerdūr | — | *kikritsūr | — |
| 2nd singular | *kerdetar | — | *kikritsetar | — |
| 3rd singular | *kerdetor | ? | *kikritsetor | — |
| 1st plural | *kerdommor | — | *kikritsommor | — |
| 2nd plural | *kerdedwe | — | *kikritsedwe | — |
| 3rd plural | *kerdontor | ? | *kikritsontor | — |
| Pres. subjunctive | Past subjunctive | Imperative | ||
| 1st singular | *kertsūr | — | — | |
| 2nd singular | *kertsetar | — | — | |
| 3rd singular | *kertsetor | — | — | |
| 1st plural | *kertsommor | — | — | |
| 2nd plural | *kertsedwe | — | — | |
| 3rd plural | *kertsontor | — | — | |
| Declension of the past participle | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *krissos | *krissou | *krissoi |
| vocative | *krisse | *krissou | *krissūs |
| accusative | *krissom | *krissou | *krissoms |
| genitive | *krissī | *krissous | *krissom |
| dative | *krissūi | *krissobom | *krissobos |
| instrumental | *krissū | *krissobim | *krissobis |
| feminine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *krissā | *krissai | *krissās |
| vocative | *krissā | *krissai | *krissās |
| accusative | *krissam | *krissai | *krissams |
| genitive | *krissās | *krissous | *krissom |
| dative | *krissai | *krissābom | *krissābos |
| instrumental | *? | *krissābim | *krissābis |
| neuter | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *krissom | *krissou | *krissā |
| vocative | *krissom | *krissou | *krissā |
| accusative | *krissom | *krissou | *krissā |
| genitive | *krissī | *krissous | *krissom |
| dative | *krissūi | *krissobom | *krissobos |
| instrumental | *krissū | *krissobim | *krissobis |
The future stem was remodelled in Old Irish from *kikrits- to *kikerts- based on the subjunctive stem *kerts-.
Descendants
References
- Matasović, Ranko (2009), “*kerd-o-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 202-203
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