< Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic
Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/semeti
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This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Celtic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *semH- (“to pump, draw water, scoop”).[1] Cognate with Latin sentina, Ancient Greek ἀμάομαι (amáomai) and Lithuanian sémti.
Inflection
| Thematic present, t-preterite | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Active voice | ||||
| Present | Imperfect | Future | Preterite | |
| 1st singular | *semū | *sememam | *sismāsū | *semam |
| 2nd singular | *semesi | *semetās | *sismāsesi | *sens |
| 3rd singular | *semeti | *semeto | *sismāseti | *sent |
| 1st plural | *semomosi | *sememo | *sismāsomosi | *semme |
| 2nd plural | *semetesi | *semestē | *sismāsetesi | *sente |
| 3rd plural | *semonti | *semento | *sismāsonti | *semant |
| Pres. subjunctive | Past subjunctive | Imperative | ||
| 1st singular | *semasū | ? | — | |
| 2nd singular | *semasesi | ? | *seme | |
| 3rd singular | *semaseti | ? | *semetou | |
| 1st plural | *semasomosi | ? | *semomos | |
| 2nd plural | *semasetesi | ? | *semete | |
| 3rd plural | *semasonti | ? | *semontou | |
| Passive voice | ||||
| Present | Imperfect | Future | Preterite | |
| 1st singular | *semūr | — | *sismāsūr | — |
| 2nd singular | *semetar | — | *sismāsetar | — |
| 3rd singular | *semetor | ? | *sismāsetor | — |
| 1st plural | *semommor | — | *sismāsommor | — |
| 2nd plural | *semedwe | — | *sismāsedwe | — |
| 3rd plural | *semontor | ? | *sismāsontor | — |
| Pres. subjunctive | Past subjunctive | Imperative | ||
| 1st singular | *semasūr | — | — | |
| 2nd singular | *semasetar | — | — | |
| 3rd singular | *semasetor | — | — | |
| 1st plural | *semasommor | — | — | |
| 2nd plural | *semasedwe | — | — | |
| 3rd plural | *semasontor | — | — | |
| Declension of the past participle | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *santos | *santou | *santoi |
| vocative | *sante | *santou | *santūs |
| accusative | *santom | *santou | *santoms |
| genitive | *santī | *santous | *santom |
| dative | *santūi | *santobom | *santobos |
| instrumental | *santū | *santobim | *santobis |
| feminine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *santā | *santai | *santās |
| vocative | *santā | *santai | *santās |
| accusative | *santam | *santai | *santams |
| genitive | *santās | *santous | *santom |
| dative | *santai | *santābom | *santābos |
| instrumental | *? | *santābim | *santābis |
| neuter | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *santom | *santou | *santā |
| vocative | *santom | *santou | *santā |
| accusative | *santom | *santou | *santā |
| genitive | *santī | *santous | *santom |
| dative | *santūi | *santobom | *santobos |
| instrumental | *santū | *santobim | *santobis |
Descendants
- ⇒ Proto-Brythonic:
- Middle Welsh: gwehynnu
- Cornish: gweles
- Old Breton: douohinnom
- ⇒ Old Irish: do·essim
- ⇒ Old Irish: do·fuissim
- Middle Irish: tuismid
- Irish: tuismigh
- Scottish Gaelic: taoim
- Manx: teaum
- Middle Irish: tuismid
References
- Matasović, Ranko (2009), “*sem-o-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 330
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