< Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic
Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/swizdeti
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This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Celtic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *sweysd- (“to hiss”), of imitative origin; see also Ancient Greek σίζω (sízō, “I hiss”), Russian свиста́ть (svistátʹ).
Declension
| Thematic present, suffixless preterite | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Active voice | ||||
| Present | Imperfect | Future | Preterite | |
| 1st singular | *swizdū | *swizdemam | *siswissū | *siswoizda |
| 2nd singular | *swizdesi | *swizdetās | *siswissesi | *siswoizdas? |
| 3rd singular | *swizdeti | *swizdeto | *siswisseti | *siswoizde |
| 1st plural | *swizdomosi | *swizdemo | *siswissomosi | *siswoizdmo |
| 2nd plural | *swizdetesi | *swizdestē | *siswissetesi | ? |
| 3rd plural | *swizdonti | *swizdento | *siswissonti | *siswoizdar |
| Pres. subjunctive | Past subjunctive | Imperative | ||
| 1st singular | *sweissū | ? | — | |
| 2nd singular | *sweissesi | ? | *swizde | |
| 3rd singular | *sweisseti | ? | *swizdetou | |
| 1st plural | *sweissomosi | ? | *swizdomos | |
| 2nd plural | *sweissetesi | ? | *swizdete | |
| 3rd plural | *sweissonti | ? | *swizdontou | |
| Passive voice | ||||
| Present | Imperfect | Future | Preterite | |
| 1st singular | *swizdūr | — | *siswissūr | — |
| 2nd singular | *swizdetar | — | *siswissetar | — |
| 3rd singular | *swizdetor | ? | *siswissetor | — |
| 1st plural | *swizdommor | — | *siswissommor | — |
| 2nd plural | *swizdedwe | — | *siswissedwe | — |
| 3rd plural | *swizdontor | ? | *siswissontor | — |
| Pres. subjunctive | Past subjunctive | Imperative | ||
| 1st singular | *sweissūr | — | — | |
| 2nd singular | *sweissetar | — | — | |
| 3rd singular | *sweissetor | — | — | |
| 1st plural | *sweissommor | — | — | |
| 2nd plural | *sweissedwe | — | — | |
| 3rd plural | *sweissontor | — | — | |
| Declension of the past participle | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *swissos | *swissou | *swissoi |
| vocative | *swisse | *swissou | *swissūs |
| accusative | *swissom | *swissou | *swissoms |
| genitive | *swissī | *swissous | *swissom |
| dative | *swissūi | *swissobom | *swissobos |
| instrumental | *swissū | *swissobim | *swissobis |
| feminine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *swissā | *swissai | *swissās |
| vocative | *swissā | *swissai | *swissās |
| accusative | *swissam | *swissai | *swissams |
| genitive | *swissās | *swissous | *swissom |
| dative | *swissai | *swissābom | *swissābos |
| instrumental | *? | *swissābim | *swissābis |
| neuter | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *swissom | *swissou | *swissā |
| vocative | *swissom | *swissou | *swissā |
| accusative | *swissom | *swissou | *swissā |
| genitive | *swissī | *swissous | *swissom |
| dative | *swissūi | *swissobom | *swissobos |
| instrumental | *swissū | *swissobim | *swissobis |
Descendants
References
- Matasović, Ranko (2009), “*swizd-o-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 365
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