< Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic

Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/koski

This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Finnic

Etymology 1

From Proto-Uralic *kośke.

Noun

*koski

  1. a continuous series of relatively small waterfalls in a stream, rapid
    Synonym: *juka

Inflection
Inflection of *koski
Note: The Proto-Finnic declension system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility.
singular plural
nominative *koski *kosket
accusative *kosken *kosket
genitive *kosken *koskeden
*koskiden
partitive *koskeda *koskida
inessive *koskessa
*koskehna		 *koskissa
*koskihna
elative *koskesta *koskista
illative *koskehen *koskihen
adessive *koskella *koskilla
ablative *koskelta *koskilta
allative *koskelen
*koskelek		 *koskilen
*koskilek
essive *koskena *koskina
translative *koskeksi *koskiksi
instructive *kosken *koskin
comitative *koskenek *koskinek
abessive *kosketta *koskitta

Descendants
  • Estonian: kosk
  • Finnish: koski
  • Karelian: koski
  • Livvi: koski
  • Ludian: kosk
  • Veps: kosk

Etymology 2

From Proto-Uralic [Term?]. Cognate with Hungarian hárs.

Noun

*koski

  1. spruce bark, thick bark

Inflection
Inflection of *koski
Note: The Proto-Finnic declension system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility.
singular plural
nominative *koski *kosket
accusative *kosken *kosket
genitive *kosken *koskeden
*koskiden
partitive *koskeda *koskida
inessive *koskessa
*koskehna		 *koskissa
*koskihna
elative *koskesta *koskista
illative *koskehen *koskihen
adessive *koskella *koskilla
ablative *koskelta *koskilta
allative *koskelen
*koskelek		 *koskilen
*koskilek
essive *koskena *koskina
translative *koskeksi *koskiksi
instructive *kosken *koskin
comitative *koskenek *koskinek
abessive *kosketta *koskitta

Descendants

From *koski:

  • Estonian: (dialectal) kosk
  • Livonian: kuosk
  • Võro: kosk'

From *kosku-:

  • Finnish: (dialectal) koskut, kosku, koskus
  • Ingrian: kosut
  • Karelian: koskus, koskut
  • Ludian: koskud
  • ⇒ Veps: koskhaine
  • Votic: (Mati) kõsku

Further reading
  • Entry #350 in Uralonet, online Uralic etymological database of the Research Institute for Linguistics, Hungary.
  • Itkonen, Erkki; Kulonen, Ulla-Maija, editors (1992–2000), “kosku”, in Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The origin of Finnish words] (in Finnish), [note: linked online version also includes some other etymological sources], Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN
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