< Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic
Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/tuhma
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This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Finnic
Etymology
From earlier *tušma (whence also Proto-Samic *tosmē), possibly from Proto-Finno-Permic *tušma (whence Komi-Zyrian [script needed] (di̮š)). Alternatively, borrowed from Proto-Germanic *dusmaz (whence Danish dosmer, Norwegian Nynorsk dosmar).
Inflection
Inflection of *tuhma
| singular | plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *tuhma | *tuhmat | |
| accusative | *tuhman | *tuhmat | |
| genitive | *tuhman | *tuhmaden *tuhmeiden | |
| partitive | *tuhmada | *tuhmeida | |
| inessive | *tuhmassa | *tuhmeissa | |
| elative | *tuhmasta | *tuhmeista | |
| illative | *tuhmahen | *tuhmeihen | |
| adessive | *tuhmalla | *tuhmeilla | |
| ablative | *tuhmalta | *tuhmeilta | |
| allative | *tuhmalen | *tuhmeilen | |
| essive | *tuhmana | *tuhmeina | |
| translative | *tuhmaksi | *tuhmeiksi | |
| instructive | *tuhman | *tuhmein | |
| comitative | *tuhmanek | *tuhmeinek | |
| abessive | *tuhmakta | *tuhmeikta | |
Descendants
From *tuhma:
- Estonian: tuhm
- Finnish: tuhma
- → Northern Sami: došmi
- Ingrian: tuhma
- Karelian:
- Livvi: tuhmu
- Ludian: tuhm
- Veps: tuhm
- Võro: tuhm'
- Votic: tuhma
From *tühmä:
Further reading
- tuhm in Metsmägi, Iris; Sedrik, Meeli; Soosaar, Sven-Erik (2012), Eesti etümoloogiasõnaraamat, Tallinn: Eesti Keele Instituut, →ISBN
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