Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-gô

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative forms

*-gjô
*-gjō, *-gjǭ (feminine)

Etymology

Unknown. Note also *-kô in *kelkô, *leuskô, *mankô etc.

(Can this⁽⁺⁾ etymology be sourced?)

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ɣɔːː/

Suffix

*-gô m

Appended to verbs and adjectives to create nouns, usually with a diminutive force.

Declension

masculine an-stemDeclension of *-gô (masculine an-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*-gô	*-ganiz
vocative	*-gô	*-ganiz
accusative	*-ganų	*-ganunz
genitive	*-giniz	*-ganǫ̂
dative	*-gini	*-gammaz
instrumental	*-ginē	*-gammiz

Derived terms

Proto-Germanic terms suffixed with *-gô

Descendants

Note: This suffix was rarely productive in the daughter languages.

Proto-West Germanic: *-gō
- Old English: -ga
  - ⇒ Old English: docga
    - Middle English: dogge
      - English: dog
      - Scots: dug
  - ⇒ Old English: frocga
    - Middle English: frogge
      - English: frog
  - ⇒ Old English: *picga
    - Middle English: pigge
      - English: pig
  - ⇒ Old English: sċeacga
    - Middle English: *schagge
      - English: shag
      - Scots: schagg, schaig
  - ⇒ Old English: *snecga
    - Middle English: snegge
      - English: sneg, snag (“snail”) (dialectal)
  - ⇒ Old English: stacga
    - Middle English: stagge
      - English: stag
  - ⇒ Old English: wicga
    - ⇒ Old English: ēarwicga
      - Middle English: erwigge
        English: earwig
- Old Saxon: *-go, *-ko
  - ⇒ Old Saxon: *sneggo, *snecko
    - Middle Low German: snegge, snecke
      - German Low German: Snigge, Snigg
- Old High German: -go, -ko
  - ⇒ Old High German: sneggo, snecko
    - Middle High German: snecke (“snail”)
      - German: Schnecke
    - Middle High German: snegge (“toad”)
Old Norse: -gi
- ⇒ Old Norse: skeggi
- ⇒ Old Norse: steggi

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