< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/ardugaz
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This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *h₃érdʰ-u-s, from *h₃erdʰ- + *-us. Cognate with Latin arduus.
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /ˈɑr.du.ɣɑz/
Inflection
Declension of *ardugaz (a-stem)
| Strong declension | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||
| Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | |
| Nominative | *ardugaz | *ardugai | *ardugō | *ardugôz | *ardugą, -atō | *ardugō |
| Accusative | *arduganǭ | *arduganz | *ardugǭ | *ardugōz | *ardugą, -atō | *ardugō |
| Genitive | *ardugas, -is | *ardugaizǫ̂ | *ardugaizōz | *ardugaizǫ̂ | *ardugas, -is | *ardugaizǫ̂ |
| Dative | *ardugammai | *ardugaimaz | *ardugaizōi | *ardugaimaz | *ardugammai | *ardugaimaz |
| Instrumental | *arduganō | *ardugaimiz | *ardugaizō | *ardugaimiz | *arduganō | *ardugaimiz |
| Weak declension | ||||||
| Case | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||
| Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | |
| Nominative | *ardugô | *arduganiz | *ardugǭ | *ardugōniz | *ardugô | *ardugōnō |
| Accusative | *arduganų | *arduganunz | *ardugōnų | *ardugōnunz | *ardugô | *ardugōnō |
| Genitive | *arduginiz | *arduganǫ̂ | *ardugōniz | *ardugōnǫ̂ | *arduginiz | *arduganǫ̂ |
| Dative | *ardugini | *ardugammaz | *ardugōni | *ardugōmaz | *ardugini | *ardugammaz |
| Instrumental | *arduginē | *ardugammiz | *ardugōnē | *ardugōmiz | *arduginē | *ardugammiz |
Descendants
- Old Norse: ǫrðugr
- Icelandic: örðugur
- Faroese: ørðugur
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