Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/birkijǭ

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *berkō +‎ *-jǭ.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈbir.ki.jɔ̃ː/

Noun

*birkijǭ f

birch

Inflection

ōn-stemDeclension of *birkijǭ (ōn-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*birkijǭ	*birkijōniz
vocative	*birkijǭ	*birkijōniz
accusative	*birkijōnų	*birkijōnunz
genitive	*birkijōniz	*birkijōnǫ̂
dative	*birkijōni	*birkijōmaz
instrumental	*birkijōnē	*birkijōmiz

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *birkijā
- Old English: bierċe, birċe
  - Middle English: birche, byrche, birch, birk, byrke, birke, breche
    - English: birch
    - Northumbrian: birk
    - Scots: birk
- Old Frisian: birk
  - West Frisian: bjirk
- Old Saxon: birka, berka
  - Middle Low German: berke, barke
    - Low German: Bark
    - Plautdietsch: Boakj
- Old Dutch: *berka (attested in Berclar)
  - Middle Dutch: berke
    - Dutch: berk
      - Afrikaans: berk
    - Limburgish: bèrk
- Old High German: birihha, birka, bircha
  - Middle High German: birke (< birka, bircha)
    - German: Birke
    - Luxembourgish: Bierk
Old Norse: birkja
- Norwegian Nynorsk: byrkje, birkje, bjørkje

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