< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/laiwarikǭ
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This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Alternative forms
- *laiwazikǭ
Etymology
Perhaps from earlier *laiwazikǭ, a diminutive of *laiwaz (“lark”). Further origin uncertain.
According to Kuiper, from a European substratum (substrate) word, possibly a Celto-Germanic root shared with Gaulish *alauda (“skylark”); compare Latin alauda (“lark”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈlɑi̯.wɑ.ri.kɔ̃ː/
Inflection
| ōn-stemDeclension of *laiwarikǭ (ōn-stem) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | ||
| nominative | *laiwarikǭ | *laiwarikōniz | |
| vocative | *laiwarikǭ | *laiwarikōniz | |
| accusative | *laiwarikōnų | *laiwarikōnunz | |
| genitive | *laiwarikōniz | *laiwarikōnǫ̂ | |
| dative | *laiwarikōni | *laiwarikōmaz | |
| instrumental | *laiwarikōnē | *laiwarikōmiz | |
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *laiwarikā, *laiwaʀikā
- Old English: lāwerce, lǣwerce, lāwriċe, lāferċe
- Old Frisian: *lēwerke, *lēwertze, *lertze
- Old Saxon: lēwerka
- Old Dutch: *leiwerka, *lēwerka
- Middle Dutch: lewerke, leeuwerke, liewerick, lewerijck, lewerick
- Dutch: leeuwerik
- → West Frisian: ljurk
- Middle Dutch: lewerke, leeuwerke, liewerick, lewerijck, lewerick
- Old High German: lērihha
- → Old Galician-Portuguese: *laverca (← Suevic *lawerka[1] or Visigothic *𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌰𐍂𐌺𐍉 (*laiwarkō))
- Old Norse: lævirki m
Further reading
- Fryske Academy (1998): Lezingen fan it fjirtjinde Frysk Filologekongres: 23, 24 en 25 oktober 1996
- Reichart, L. (2000): Kratylos, Volume 45
- Orel, Vladimir (2003), “*laiwazikōn”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 234a
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