Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wēpną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Possibly cognate with Tocharian B yepe (knife). If so, both may derive from Proto-Indo-European *wēbnom.

Noun

*wēpną n

weapon

Inflection

neuter a-stemDeclension of *wēpną (neuter a-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*wēpną	*wēpnō
vocative	*wēpną	*wēpnō
accusative	*wēpną	*wēpnō
genitive	wēpnas, wēpnis	*wēpnǫ̂
dative	*wēpnai	*wēpnamaz
instrumental	*wēpnō	*wēpnamiz

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *wāpn
- Old English: wǣpn, wǣpen
  - Middle English: wæpenn, wepen
    - English: weapon
    - Scots: weipen, weapoun, weapon
- Old Frisian: *wāpin, wēpin
  - Saterland Frisian: Woapen
  - West Frisian: wapen
- Old Saxon: wāpan
  - Middle Low German: wāpen
    - German Low German: Wapen, Wopen
    - → Middle High German: wāpen
      - German: Wappen
- Old Dutch: wāpan
  - Middle Dutch: wapen
    - Dutch: wapen
- Old High German: wāfan
  - Middle High German: wāfen, wapen
    - Alemannic German: Waaffe
    - German: Waffe
      - → German Low German: Waffe
    - Yiddish: וואָפֿן‎ (vofn)
Old Norse: vápn, vákn
- Icelandic: vopn, vokn
- Faroese: vápn, vákn
- Norwegian Bokmål: våpen
- Elfdalian: wapen, waken-
- Old Swedish: vapn, vakn
  - Swedish: vapen, vaken-, vång-
  - → Finnish: vaakuna
- Old Danish: wāpn, wākn
  - Scanian: vaben
  - Danish: våben
- Old Gutnish: vapn
  - Gutnish: vapen
- → Middle English: wapen, wopen
  - Scots: wapyn, wappen
Gothic: 𐍅𐌴𐍀𐌽 (wēpn)

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