Reconstruction:Proto-Hellenic/ehmi

This Proto-Hellenic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Hellenic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésmi.

Verb

*ehmi

to be

Inflection

Present forms of *ehmi

Active

infinitive			*éhmenai
participle			*ehónts
	singular			dual			plural
	1^st person	2^nd person	3^rd person	1^st person	2^nd person	3^rd person	1^st person	2^nd person	3^rd person
indicative	*ehmí	*ehí	*estí	*?	*estón	*estón	*esmén	*esté	*ehénti
subjunctive	*éhō	*éhēhi	*éhēti	*?	*éhēton	*éhēton	*éhōmen	*éhēte	*éhōnti
optative	*éyyān	*éyyās	*éyyā	*?	*éyyāton	*éyyā́tān	*éyyāmen	*éyyāte	*éyyen
imperative	-	*ístʰi	*éstō	-	*éston	*éstōn	-	*éste	*éstōn
Middle/Passive

infinitive			*?
participle			*?
	singular			dual			plural
	1^st person	2^nd person	3^rd person	1^st person	2^nd person	3^rd person	1^st person	2^nd person	3^rd person
indicative	*?	*?	*?	*?	*?	*?	*?	*?	*?
subjunctive	*?	*?	*?	*?	*?	*?	*?	*?	*?
optative	*?	*?	*?	*?	*?	*?	*?	*?	*?
imperative	-	*?	*?	-	*?	*?	-	*?	*?

Imperfect forms of *ehmi

Active

	singular			dual		plural
	1^st person	2^nd person	3^rd person	2^nd person	3^rd person	1^st person	2^nd person	3^rd person
indicative	*ḗhə	*ḗstʰa	*ḗhe	*ḗston	*ḗstān	*ḗhmen	*ḗhte	*ḗsən
Middle/Passive

	singular			dual		plural
	1^st person	2^nd person	3^rd person	2^nd person	3^rd person	1^st person	2^nd person	3^rd person
indicative	*?	*?	*?	*?	*?	*?	*?	*?

Future forms of *ehmi

Active

infinitive			*?
participle			*?
	singular			dual		plural
	1^st person	2^nd person	3^rd person	2^nd person	3^rd person	1^st person	2^nd person	3^rd person
indicative	*?	*?	*?	*?	*?	*?	*?	*?
optative	*?	*?	*?	*?	*?	*?	*?	*?
Middle

infinitive			*?
participle			*?
	singular			dual		plural
	1^st person	2^nd person	3^rd person	2^nd person	3^rd person	1^st person	2^nd person	3^rd person
indicative	*?	*?	*?	*?	*?	*?	*?	*?
optative	*?	*?	*?	*?	*?	*?	*?	*?
Passive

infinitive			*?
participle			*?
	singular			dual		plural
	1^st person	2^nd person	3^rd person	2^nd person	3^rd person	1^st person	2^nd person	3^rd person
indicative	*?	*?	*?	*?	*?	*?	*?	*?
optative	*?	*?	*?	*?	*?	*?	*?	*?

Descendants

Ancient Greek: εἰμί (eimí)
Aeolic: ἔμμι (émmi)

Cretan: ἠμί (ēmí)

Citation(s)

Andrew L. Sihler (1995), “Part VI: Conjugation”, in New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin (in English), 1st edition, New York, N.Y.; Oxford: Oxford University Press, published 1995, →ISBN, pages 461, 462, 514

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