< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-r̥

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Suffix

*(ó)-r̥ or *(é)-r̥ n

  1. Derives nouns from roots, frequently mass nouns.

Inflection

Older acrostatic pattern:

Athematic, acrostatic
singular collective
nominative *(ó)-r̥ *(é)-ōr
genitive *(é)-n̥s *(Ø)-nés
singular dual plural collective
nominative *(ó)-r̥ *(ó)-rih₁ *(ó)-r̥h₂ *(é)-ōr
vocative *(ó)-r̥ *(ó)-rih₁ *(ó)-r̥h₂ *(é)-ōr
accusative *(ó)-r̥ *(ó)-rih₁ *(ó)-r̥h₂ *(é)-ōr
genitive *(é)-n̥s *? *(é)-noHom *(Ø)-nés
ablative *(é)-n̥s *? *(é)-n̥mos *(Ø)-nés
dative *(é)-ney *? *(é)-n̥mos *(Ø)-néy
locative *(é)-n̥, *(é)-ni *? *(é)-n̥su *(Ø)-én, *(Ø)-éni
instrumental *(é)-n̥h₁ *? *(é)-n̥mis *(Ø)-néh₁

Later proterokinetic pattern:

Athematic, proterokinetic
singular collective
nominative *(é)-r̥ *(é)-ōr
genitive *(Ø)-éns *(Ø)-nés
singular dual plural collective
nominative *(é)-r̥ *(é)-rih₁ *(é)-r̥h₂ *(é)-ōr
vocative *(é)-r̥ *(é)-rih₁ *(é)-r̥h₂ *(é)-ōr
accusative *(é)-r̥ *(é)-rih₁ *(é)-r̥h₂ *(é)-ōr
genitive *(Ø)-éns *? *(Ø)-énoHom *(Ø)-nés
ablative *(Ø)-éns *? *(Ø)-énmos *(Ø)-nés
dative *(Ø)-éney *? *(Ø)-énmos *(Ø)-néy
locative *(Ø)-én, *(Ø)-éni *? *(Ø)-énsu *(Ø)-én, *(Ø)-éni
instrumental *(Ø)-énh₁ *? *(Ø)-énmis *(Ø)-néh₁

Derived terms
Proto-Indo-European terms suffixed with *-r̥

Descendants
  • Proto-Anatolian:
    • Hittite: [script needed] (-r)
  • Proto-Hellenic: *-ər
    • Ancient Greek: -αρ ~ -ατος (-ar ~ -atos)
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *-r̥
    • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *-r̥
      • Sanskrit: -र् (-r)
  • Proto-Italic: *-or ~ *-enes
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