< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/dʰrā́ks

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

Unknown; possibly borrowed from a substrate language.[1]

Noun

*dʰrā́ks m

  1. dregs, sediment (of wine, oil, fat)

Inflection
Athematic, amphikinetic
singular
nominative *dʰrā́ks
genitive *dʰragʰés
singular dual plural
nominative *dʰrā́ks *dʰrā́gʰh₁(e) *dʰrā́gʰes
vocative *dʰrā́gʰ *dʰrā́gʰh₁(e) *dʰrā́gʰes
accusative *dʰrā́gʰm̥ *dʰrā́gʰh₁(e) *dʰrā́gʰm̥s
genitive *dʰragʰés *? *dʰragʰóHom
ablative *dʰragʰés *? *dʰragʰmós
dative *dʰragʰéy *? *dʰragʰmós
locative *dʰrā́gʰ, *dʰrā́gʰi *? *dʰragʰsú
instrumental *dʰragʰéh₁ *? *dʰragʰmís

Derived terms
  • *dʰrágʰ-eh₂
    • Proto-Albanian: *dragā[2]
      • Albanian: dra, (dialectal, South) dráhë
    • Albanian: *(a)n-draga[3][4]
  • *dʰrágʰ-yeh₂[4]
    • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *dragjāˀ[5] (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Germanic: *dragjō[4] (see there for further descendants)
  • *dʰragʰs-tó-s
    • Proto-Germanic: *drastaz (< *drahstaz)
      • Proto-West Germanic: *drast (see there for further descendants)

Descendants
  • Proto-Germanic: *drōhs (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Italic: *frakēs[1]
    • Latin: fracēs (see there for further descendants)
  • >? Proto-Italic: *fraiks
    • Latin: faex, faeces (see there for further descendants)

References
  1. De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “fracēs”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 238: “*dʰragʰ- 'dredges of wine, oil, fat'”
  2. Demiraj, Bardhyl (1997), “dra”, in Albanische Etymologien: Untersuchungen zum albanischen Erbwortschatz [Albanian Etymologies: Investigations into the Albanian Inherited Lexicon] (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 7) (in German), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, page 141
  3. Demiraj, Bardhyl (1997) Albanische Etymologien: Untersuchungen zum albanischen Erbwortschatz [Albanian Etymologies: Investigations into the Albanian Inherited Lexicon] (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 7)‎ (in German), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, page 141
  4. Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*dragjō-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 99: “*dʰragʰ-ieh₂-”
  5. Derksen, Rick (2015), “dragės”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 135
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