Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₁epi

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

Would be locative case of *h₁eps (from *h₁ep-), which could mean "back", with the "on" sense referring to pack animals or riding.

Adverb

*h₁epi

on, at, near

Derived terms

*h₁epi-ro-
- Proto-Celtic: *eɸirom
  - Old Irish: íar

Related terms

*h₁op-s
- Proto-Italic: *obs
  - Latin: obs
*h₁op-i
- Proto-Armenian:
  - Old Armenian: ու (u)
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *api
  - Lithuanian: ap-
- Proto-Hellenic: *opí, *opi-[1]
  - Ancient Greek: ὀπι- (opi-) (in e.g. ὀπίσω (opísō))
  - Mycenaean Greek: 𐀃𐀠 (o-pi)
- >? Proto-Italic: *opi
  - Latin: ob, ap(ud)
  - Oscan: 𐌞𐌐 (úp), op[2]
*h₁op-i-s
- Proto-Hellenic:
  - Ancient Greek: ὄπισθεν (ópisthen), ὀπίσω (opísō), ἀνόπιν (anópin), κατόπιν (katópin), μετόπιν (metópin)
*h₁op(i)-tero-
- >? Proto-Germanic: *after (more likely < *h₂ep(o)-tero-) (see there for further descendants)
⇒? *(h₁)p-ó-s
⇒? *h₁pey
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *pei
  - Proto-Baltic: *pie- (?)
    - Latvian: piedurkne
Unsorted formations:
- Proto-Germanic: *ēbanþs (see there for further descendants)

Descendants

Albanian:
- Albanian: mbi (Tosk)
- Albanian: mby, Albanian: my (Gheg)
Armenian:
- Old Armenian: եւ (ew)
  - Armenian: եւ (ew)
Proto-Germanic: *bi (see there for further descendants)
Proto-Hellenic: *epí
- Ancient Greek: ἐπί (epí)
  - Greek: επί (epí)
- Mycenaean Greek: 𐀁𐀠 (e-pi)[3]
Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hápi (see there for further descendants)

References

John Chadwick; Lydia Baumbach (1963), “The Mycenaean Greek Vocabulary”, in Glotta : Zeitschrift für griechische und lateinische Sprache, volume 41, issue 3/4, Göttingen, Germany: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht (GmbH & Co. KG), →JSTOR, →OCLC, page 227-8 of 157–271: “ὀπι-”
Buck, Carl (1904) A grammar of Oscan and Umbrian, Ginn & Co, page 208
John Chadwick; Lydia Baumbach (1963), “The Mycenaean Greek Vocabulary”, in Glotta : Zeitschrift für griechische und lateinische Sprache, volume 41, issue 3/4, Göttingen, Germany: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht (GmbH & Co. KG), →JSTOR, →OCLC, page 192 of 157–271: “ἐπί”

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[1] John Chadwick; Lydia Baumbach (1963), “The Mycenaean Greek Vocabulary”, in Glotta : Zeitschrift für griechische und lateinische Sprache, volume 41, issue 3/4, Göttingen, Germany: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht (GmbH & Co. KG), →JSTOR, →OCLC, page 227-8 of 157–271: “ὀπι-”

[2] Buck, Carl (1904) A grammar of Oscan and Umbrian, Ginn & Co, page 208

[3] John Chadwick; Lydia Baumbach (1963), “The Mycenaean Greek Vocabulary”, in Glotta : Zeitschrift für griechische und lateinische Sprache, volume 41, issue 3/4, Göttingen, Germany: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht (GmbH & Co. KG), →JSTOR, →OCLC, page 192 of 157–271: “ἐπί”