< Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian

Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/ciθráh

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *čitrás.

Adjective

*ciθráh[1][2]

  1. visible
  2. beautiful

Noun

*ciθráh[2]

  1. appearance, likeness
  2. nature, aspect
  3. face

Inflection
masculine a-stem
singular dual plural
nominative *ciθráh *ciθrā́ *ciθrā́
vocative *ciθra *ciθrā́ *ciθrā́
accusative *ciθrám *ciθrā́ *ciθrā́nh
instrumental *ciθrā́ *ciθráybyaH *ciθrā́yš
ablative *ciθrā́t *ciθráybyaH *ciθráybyah
dative *ciθrā́y *ciθráybyaH *ciθráybyah
genitive *ciθráhya *ciθráyāh *ciθrā́nam
locative *ciθráy *ciθráyaw *ciθráyšu

Derived terms
  • Proto-Iranian: *čiθrákah[3]
    • Baluchi: چهرگ‎ (čihrag)
    • Gilaki: چره‎ (čəre)
    • Kurdish:
      Northern Kurdish: çehre (čahra)
    • Old Mazanderani: چیره‎ (čēra ~ čīra)
      • Mazanderani: چیره‎ (čīre)
    • Parthian:
      Manichaean script: 𐫝𐫏𐫍𐫡𐫃‎ (cyhrg /čihrag/)
    • Pashto: څيره‎ (cēra), څېره‎ (cera)
    • → Old Persian: *čiθrakaʰ
      • Middle Persian: (/čihrag/)
        Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (cyhlk')
        Inscriptional Pahlavi script: 𐭰𐭤𐭫𐭪𐭩‎ (chlky)
        • Classical Persian: چهره‎ (čihra, “face”)
          • Dari: چهره‎ (čihra)
          • Iranian Persian: چهره‎ (čehre)
          • Tajik: чиҳра (čihra)

Descendants
  • Central Iranian:
    • Avestan: 𐬗𐬌𐬚𐬭𐬀‎ (ciθra)
      • ⇒ Avestan: 𐬔𐬀𐬊𐬗𐬌𐬚𐬭𐬀‎ (gaociθra)
        • → Middle Persian: (/gōčihr, gōzihr/, “Dragon, lunar node; eclipse”)
          Manichaean script: [Manichaean needed] (gwcyhr)
          Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (gwcyhl)
          • Classical Persian: گوزهر‎ (gawzahr, “lunar node; a kind of reptile”)
            • → Arabic: جوزهر‎ (jawzahar, “lunar node; Moon sphere”)
              • → Persian: جوزهر‎ (jowzahar, “lunar node”)
  • Northeastern Iranian:
  • Southeastern Iranian:
    • Pashto: څېر‎ (cer)
  • Northwestern Iranian:
    • Proto-Medo-Parthian:
      • Old Mazanderani: چیر‎ (čēr ~ čīr)
        • Mazanderani: چیر‎ (čīr, “face”) (poetic)
      • Parthian: (/čihr/)
        Inscriptional Parthian script: 𐭔𐭉𐭇𐭓‎ (šyhr)
        Manichaean script: 𐫝𐫏𐫍𐫡‎ (cyhr)
  • Southwestern Iranian:
  • → Old Persian: *ciθraʰ, 𐎨𐎡𐏂 (c-i-ç /čiçaʰ/)
    • Middle Persian: (/čihr/)
      Manichaean script: 𐫝𐫏𐫍𐫡‎ (cyhr)
      Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (cyhl)
      • Classical Persian: چهر‎ (cihr)

References
  1. Cheung, Johnny (2002) Studies in the Historical Development of the Ossetic Vocalism (Beitrage Zur Iranistik; 23), Weisbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert, →ISBN, page 39
  2. Asatrian, Garnik S. (2011) A Comparative Vocabulary of Central Iranian Dialects‎ (in Persian and English), Tehran: Safir Ardehal Publications, page 101
  3. Morgenstierne, Georg (2003), “cargˈand”, in Elfenbein, J.; MacKenzie, D. N.; Sims-Williams, Nicholas, editors, A New Etymological Vocabulary of Pashto (Beitrage Zur Iranistik; 23), Weisbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert, →ISBN
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