Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/gr̥Híš

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *gr̥Híš, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷerH-.

Noun

*gr̥Híš m

mountain
Synonym: *káwfš

Descendants

Central Iranian:
- Avestan: 𐬔𐬀𐬌𐬭𐬌‎ (gaⁱri)
Northeastern Iranian:
- Khotanese: [script needed] (gara), [script needed] (ggari)
- Wakhi: ɣār (“rock”)
- Sogdo-Bactrian:
  - Bactrian: γειρο (geiro /ɣīr/), γαρο (garo /ɣar/)
  - Khwarezmian: غریڅیک‎ (ɣarēcīk, “mountain”)
  - Proto-Sogdic:
    - Sogdian: [Term?] (/γar/)
      Manichaean: 𐫄𐫡‎ (ɣr)
      
      Sogdian: 𐼲𐽀‎ (ɣr)
      
      Old Sogdian: 𐼄𐼘‎ (ɣr)
      
      Syriac: ܮܪ‎
    - Yagnobi: ғар (ɣar)
Southeastern Iranian:
- Proto-Pathan:
  - Pashto: غر‎ (ɣar)
  - Waneci: غر‎ (ɣar)
- Proto-Sanglechi-Ishkashimi:
  - Sanglechi: [script needed] (gar)
- Proto-Munji-Yidgha:
  - Munji: غار (ɣār)
  - Yidgha: غر‎ (ɣar)
- Proto-Shughni-Yazghulami:
  - Sarikoli: žer (“stone”)
  - Shughni: žīr (“stone”)
  - Yazghulami: [script needed] (ɣār, “stone; rock”)
Northwestern Iranian:
- Baluchi: گر‎ (gar, “mountain cave”)
- Kurdish:
  Northern Kurdish: gir
  
  Central Kurdish: گرد‎ (gird)
- Parthian:
  Manichaean: 𐫄𐫡‎ (ɣr /ɣar/)
- Ormuri-Parachi
  - Ormuri: [script needed] (g(i)rī)
  - Parachi: ger, gir
Southwestern Iranian:
- Middle Persian:
  Book Pahlavi: [Book Pahlavi needed] (gl /gar/)
  - ⇒ Middle Persian:
    - Persian: گلشاه‎ (galšâh), گرشاه‎ (garšāh, literally “mountain king”) (family name)
    - Persian: گردیز‎ (gardêz, literally “mountain fortress”), (a city in Afghanistan)

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