< Reconstruction:Proto-Italic
Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/spondeō
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This Proto-Italic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Italic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *spondéyeti, causative verb from *spend- (“to perform a rite, make an offering”).
Inflection
| Inflection of *spondeō (second conjugation causative) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Present | *spondeō | |
| Perfect | *spepondai | |
| Past participle | *sponssos | |
| Present indicative | Active | Passive |
| 1st sing. | *spondeō | *spondeōr |
| 2nd sing. | *spondēs | *spondēzo |
| 3rd sing. | *spondēt | *spondētor |
| 1st plur. | *spondēmos | *spondēmor |
| 2nd plur. | *spondētes | *spondēm(e?)n(ai?) |
| 3rd plur. | *spondeont | *spondeontor |
| Present subjunctive | Active | Passive |
| 1st sing. | *spondeām | *spondeār |
| 2nd sing. | *spondeās | *spondeāzo |
| 3rd sing. | *spondeād | *spondeātor |
| 1st plur. | *spondeāmos | *spondeāmor |
| 2nd plur. | *spondeātes | *spondeām(e?)n(ai?) |
| 3rd plur. | *spondeānd | *spondeāntor |
| Perfect indicative | Active | |
| 1st sing. | *spepondai | |
| 2nd sing. | *spepondistai | |
| 3rd sing. | *speponde(d) | |
| 1st plur. | *spepondomos | |
| 2nd plur. | *spepondistes | |
| 3rd plur. | *spepondēri | |
| Present imperative | Active | Passive |
| 2nd sing. | *spondē | *spondēzo |
| 2nd plur. | *spondēte | — |
| Future imperative | Active | |
| 2nd + 3rd sing. | *spondētōd | |
| Participles | Present | Past |
| *spondēnts | *sponssos | |
| Verbal nouns | tu-derivative | s-derivative |
| *sponssum | *spondēzi | |
Descendants
- Latin: spondeō
- Oscan: spentud
- Umbrian: spefa
References
- De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
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