< Reconstruction:Proto-Malayo-Polynesian

Reconstruction:Proto-Malayo-Polynesian/daləm

This Proto-Malayo-Polynesian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Malayo-Polynesian

Etymology

From Proto-Austronesian *daləm.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /daləm/

Noun

*daləm

inside (interior or inner part)

Adjective

*daləm

inside (within)
deep

Descendants

Proto-Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian:
- Central Malayo-Polynesian:
  - Alune: lale
  - Manggarai: delem
  - Sabu: ɗara
  - Selaru: rala
  - Tetun Dili: laran
  - Yamdena: dalam
- Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian:
  - Proto-Halmahera-Cenderawasih:
    - Gebe: i-lalo
  - Proto-Oceanic: *ralom
    - Central-Eastern Oceanic:
      - Central Pacific:
        East Fijian:
        Fijian: lalo
        Lauan: lalo
        Proto-Polynesian: *lalo
        Nuclear Polynesian:
        Eastern Polynesian:
        Marquesic:
        Hawaiian: lalo
        Mangarevan: raro
        Marquesan: ʻaʻo
        Rapa Nui: raro
        Tahitic:
        Maori: raro
        Rakahanga-Manihiki: raro
        Rarotongan: raro
        Tahitian: raro
        Tuamotuan: raro
        Western Polynesian:
        Ellicean–Outlier:
        Kapingamarangi: lala
        Nukuoro: lalo
        Sikaiana: lalo
        Takuu: laro, raro
        Tuvaluan: lalo
        Futunic:
        Anuta: raro
        East Futuna: lalo
        Futuna-Aniwa: raro
        Pukapukan: lalo
        Tikopia: raro
        Samoic:
        Samoan: lalo
        Tokelauan: lalo
        Tongic:
        Niuafo'ou: lalo
        Niuean: lalo
        Tongan: lalo
      - Micronesian:
        Chuukese: nónu
        Gilbertese: nano
        Pohnpeian: loal
        Woleaian: lal
      - Southeast Solomonic:
        Arosi: raro
        Gela: lalo
        Sa'a: lalo
      - Southern Oceanic:
        Central Maewo: lolo
        Lakon: lolon
        Malua Bay: lalen
        Omba: lolo
    - Western Oceanic:
      - Jabem: lêlôm
      - Motu: lalo
      - Numbami: lalo
Western Malayo-Polynesian:
- Borneo-Philippine:
  - Basap–Greater Barito:
    - Basap: terem
    - East Barito:
      - Dusun Witu: lalem
      - Ma'anyan: lalem
      - Malagasy: lalina
    - Mahakam:
      - Tunjung: delem
    - Sama-Bajaw:
      - Central Sama: lalom
      - Inabaknon: lalom
      - Mapun: lawom
      - West Coast Bajau: lalom
      - Yakan: lalem
    - West Barito:
      - Bakumpai: handalem
      - Ngaju: handalem
  - Kayanic:
    - Bahau: halam
    - Baram Kayan: dalem
    - Busang Kayan: halem
    - Modang: delam
    - Murik (Malaysia): telem
    - Rejang Kayan: halem
  - Land Dayak:
    - Bau Bidayuh: daang
    - Rejang: lem
  - North Bornean:
    - Central Sarawakan:
      - Melanau-Kajang:
        Central Melanau: dalem
        
        Kajaman: naɮəm
        
        Sekapan: naɮəm
      - Müller-Schwaner:
        Hovongan: dahom
        
        Kereho: dahom
      - Punan:
        Bukitan: lolom, lalom
        
        Punan Bah-Biau: lalom
        
        Punan Tubu: lalom
        
        Ukit: lalem
    - North Sarawakan:
      - Berawan: lum
      - Bintulu: dalem
      - Dayic:
        Kelabit: lem, dalem
        
        Lun Bawang: dalem
        
        Sa'ban: belem
      - Kenyah: dalem
      - Penan:
        Eastern Penan: lem, dilem
        
        Western Penan: dilem
    - Northeast Sabahan:
      - Ida'an: dallom, allom
      - Bonggi: dalabm
    - Southwest Sabahan:
      - Dusunic:
        Brunei Bisaya: lalom
        
        Central Dusun: aralom
        
        Coastal Kadazan: aahom
        
        Dumpas: alalom
        
        Kimaragang: aralom, ralom
        
        Labuk-Kinabatangan Kadazan: aralom
        
        Rungus: aralom
      - Murutic:
        Burusu: dalom
        
        Northern Tidong: dalom
        
        Timugon Murut: ralalom
      - Paitanic:
        Tombonuo: olalom
        
        Upper Kinabatangan: alalom, lalom
  - Proto-Philippine: *daləm
    - Batanic:
      - Ibatan: rahem
      - Ivatan: arahem
      - Yami: rahem
    - Central Luzon:
      - Abenlen Ayta: olalem, lale
      - Kapampangan: lalam
      - Mag-Anchi Ayta: lalê
      - Sambali: lalum
    - Greater Central Philippine:
      - Central Philippine:
        Bikol:
        Bikol Central: rarom
        Mansakan:
        Mansaka: darum
        Tagakaulu Kalagan: lalem
        Tagalogic:
        Tagalog: lalim
        Visayan:
        Asi:
        Asi: rayom
        Central Visayan:
        Hiligaynon: dalum, halalum
        Masbatenyo: dalom
        Romblomanon: dāyum
        Waray-Waray: halarum
        Cebuan:
        Cebuano: dalom, lalom
        Southern Visayan:
        Tausug: lawm
        Western Visayan:
        Aklanon: daeom
        Kinaray-a: dalom
      - Danao:
        Iranun: dalem
        Maguindanao: dalum, dalem
        Maranao: dalem
      - Gorontalo–Mongondow:
        Buol: dualom
        Gorontalo: delomo
        Lolak: sidalom
        Mongondow: kodalom, sidalom
      - Manobo:
        Agusan Manobo: 'dayom
        Ata Manobo: dalom
        Binukid: dalem
        Western Bukidnon Manobo: dalem
      - Palawan:
        Brooke's Point Palawano: rarem
        Central Tagbanwa: adɨlɨm, idalɨm
        Palawan Batak: adalum
        Tagbanwa: ararem
      - Subanen:
        Central Subanen: dalem
    - Kalamian:
      - Agutaynen: dalem
    - Minahasan:
      - Tonsea: lalem
    - Northern Luzon:
      - Cagayan Valley:
        Ibanag: dalam, alaram
        Itawit: adalam
      - Ilocano: dalem
      - South–Central Cordilleran:
        Central Cordilleran:
        Kalinga–Itneg:
        Limos Kalinga: dalom
        Lubuagan Kalinga: jalom
        Southern Kalinga: charom
        Nuclear Cordilleran:
        Bontoc:
        Central Bontoc: dalem
        Eastern Bontoc: chor-om
        Ifugao:
        Batad Ifugao: dalom
        Tuwali Ifugao: dalom
        Kankanaey:
        Kankanaey: adaem
        Northern Kankanay: adaem
        Southern Cordilleran:
        Ibaloi: naydaem
        Keley-I Kallahan: dallem
        Pangasinan: dalem
    - Sangiric:
      - Sangir: dalung
      - Talaud: raḷumma
    - South Mindanao:
      - Sarangani Blaan: lam
      - Tboli: lam
      - Tiruray: dalem
- Celebic:
  - Muna: lalo
  - Pamona: raya
  - Totoli: lalom
  - Uma: rala
- Moklenic:
  - Moken: dalam
  - Moklen: dɐːlɐn, lɐm
- Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands:
  - Nasal: delum
  - Toba Batak: dalom
- Proto-Sunda-Sulawesi:
  - Chamorro: halom
  - Lampungic:
    - Abung: dilem
    - Komering: dilom
    - Lampung Api: dilom
  - Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan:
    - Bali–Sasak–Sumbawa:
      - Balinese: dalem
      - Sasak: dalem
      - Sumbawa: dalam
    - Madurese: dhalem
    - Proto-Malayo-Chamic:
      - Proto-Chamic: *dalam
        Acehnese: dalam, lam
        Coastal Chamic:
        Eastern Cham: ꨕꨤꩌ (dalam)
        Haroi: lăm
        Highlands Chamic:
        Jarai: dơlăm
        Rade: êlam
        Chru–Northern Chamic:
        Chru: lăm
        Northern Chamic:
        Northern Roglai: dalap
        Tsat: laːn⁴²
      - Proto-Malayic: *daləm
        Ibanic:
        Iban: dalam
        Mualang: alam
        Seberuang: dalam
        Malayan:
        Brunei Malay: dalam
        Malay: dalam
        Indonesian: dalam
        Kerinci: dalon
        Minangkabau: dalam
        Urak Lawoi': ดาลับ (dalap)
    - Sundanese: dalem
  - Old Javanese: dalem
    - Javanese: dalem
  - Proto-South Sulawesi:
    - Buginese: laleng
    - Embaloh: ilalam
    - Makasar: lalang, ilalang
    - Mandar: lalang
    - Tae': mandalan, lan

Further reading

Blust's Austronesian Comparative Dictionary – *dalem

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