Reconstruction:Proto-Semitic/ʔanp-

This Proto-Semitic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Semitic

Etymology

Ultimately of onomatopoeic origin due to the presence of a nasal consonant.

Noun

*ʔanp- m

nose, nostril

Inflection

Declension of *ʔanp-

Case

Singular

Dual

Plural

Nominative

*ʔanpum

*ʔanpāna

plural stem + *-ūna

Genitive

*ʔanpim

*ʔanpayna

plural stem + *-īna

Accusative

*ʔanpam

possessive forms

1st person

*ʔanpī / *ʔanpVya

—

*ʔanpVni

2nd person m

*ʔanpVka

*ʔanpVkumā / *ʔanpVkumay

*ʔanpVkum(ū)

2nd person f

*ʔanpVki

*ʔanpVkin(ā)

3rd person m

*ʔanpVšu

*ʔanpVšumā / *ʔanpVšumay

*ʔanpVšum(ū)

3rd person f

*ʔanpVša

*ʔanpVšin(ā)

Note: the endings -m and -na are dropped in the bound form, which may also undergo syncopation of an unstressed final vowel where possible.

Note: the ending -V before the possessive endings responds to case: *ʔanpuya for nom. case, *ʔanpiya for gen. case, *ʔanpaya for acc. case, etc.

Declension of 2sg m. possessive form (your/thy m.) *ʔanp-

	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	*ʔanpuka	*ʔanpāka	plural stem + *-ūka
Genitive	*ʔanpika	*ʔanpayka	plural stem + *-īka
Accusative	*ʔanpaka	*ʔanpayka	plural stem + *-īka

Declension of 2sg f. possessive form (your/thy f.) *ʔanp-

	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	*ʔanpuki	*ʔanpāki	plural stem + *-ūki
Genitive	*ʔanpiki	*ʔanpayki	plural stem + *-īki
Accusative	*ʔanpaki	*ʔanpayki	plural stem + *-īki

Descendants

East Semitic:
- Akkadian: 𒀊𒁍 (appum)
West Semitic:
- Central Semitic:
  - Arabic: أَنْف‎ (ʔanf)
    - Moroccan Arabic: نيف‎ (nīf)
    - → Ottoman Turkish: انف‎ (enf)
  - Northwest Semitic:
    - Aramaic:
      Biblical Aramaic: אַנְפַּיָּא‎ (ʾanpayyā, “face”)
      
      Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: אַפֵּי‎ (ʾappē, “face”)
      
      Jewish Palestinian Aramaic: אַף‎ m (ʾap̄, “nose”) (emphatic: אַפָּא‎ (ʾappā)), אַפִּין‎ m pl (ʾappīn, “face”) (emphatic: אַפַּיָּא‎ (ʾappayyā))
      - Classical Syriac: ܐܰܦܷ݁ܐ‎ (ʾappē)
    - Canaanite:
      - Hebrew: אַף‎ (af, ʾap̄)
    - Ugaritic: 𐎀𐎔 (ảp /ʾappu/)
  - Old South Arabian:
    - Minaean: 𐩱𐩬𐩰‎ (ʾnf, “wall, mure, façade of a fortification”)
    - Sabaean: 𐩱𐩰‎ (ʾf, “front”, plural 𐩱𐩱𐩬𐩰‎ (ʾʾnf))
- Ethiopian Semitic:
  - Gafat: ኣᎈ (āfʷä)
  - Ge'ez: አንፍ (ʾänf)
  - Harari: ኡፍ (ʾuf)
  - Tigre: ኣንፍ (ʾanəf)
  - Tigrinya: ኣንፊ (ʾanfi)

References

Militarev, Alexander; Kogan, Leonid (2005) Semitic Etymological Dictionary, volume II: Animal Names, Münster: Ugarit-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 10–11 No. 8

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