< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic

Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/čerda

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *(s)kerdāˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱerdʰ-.

Baltic cognates include Lithuanian ker̃džius (“shepherd”), sker̃džius (“shepherd”), Old Prussian kērdan (“time (acc. sg.)”).

Indo-European cognates include Proto-Germanic *herdō (“herd”), and possibly Sanskrit शर्ध m (śárdha, “host (of Maruts)”) and Avestan 𐬯𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬜𐬀‎ (sarəδa, “kind, nature”).

Noun

*čērdà f[1][2]

  1. file, herd

Inflection
Declension of *čērdà (hard a-stem, accent paradigm b)
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative *čērdà *čẽrdě *čērdỳ
Accusative *čērdǫ̀ *čẽrdě *čērdỳ
Genitive *čērdỳ *čērdù *čẽrdъ
Locative *čērdě̀ *čērdù *čērdàsъ, *čērdàxъ*
Dative *čērdě̀ *čērdàma *čērdàmъ
Instrumental *čērdòjǫ, *čẽrdǫ** *čērdàma *čērdàmī
Vocative *čerdo *čẽrdě *čērdỳ
* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

Alternative forms

Derived terms
  • *čērdìti

Descendants
  • East Slavic:
    • Old East Slavic: череда (čereda)
  • South Slavic:
    • Old Church Slavonic:
      Cyrillic: чрѣда (črěda)
      Glagolitic: [Term?]
    • Bulgarian: черда́ (čerdá, “herd of cattle”)
    • Serbo-Croatian:
      Cyrillic: чре́да (“turn, sequence”)
      Latin: čréda
      • Chakavian (Vrgada): črīdȁ (“herd of sheep”) (obsolete)
      • Chakavian (Novi): črēdȁ (“herd of sheep”), acc. črȇdu
    • Slovene: črẹ́da (“herd, flock, row”) (tonal orthography)
  • West Slavic:
    • Czech: čřieda
      • Czech: třída
        • Moravian (Mistřice): střída
    • Old Polish: czrzoda (“herd”)
    • Slovak: črieda (“herd”)
    • Slovincian: střȯ́u̯dă (“herd”)
    • Sorbian:
      • Upper Sorbian: črjóda (“multitude”)

Further reading

References
  1. Derksen, Rick (2008), “*čerdà; *čérdъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 81: “f. ā; m. o (b) ‘file, herd’”
  2. Olander, Thomas (2001), “čerda čerdy”, in Common Slavic accentological word list, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “b herd; row; turn (NA 92, 141; PR 135)”
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