< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/čьrstvъ
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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *kirst(w)os, from Proto-Indo-European *krt-two-. Cognate with Lithuanian kir̃stas (“sharp, harsh”).
Inflection
Indefinite declension of *čьrstvъ (hard)
| Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *čьrstvъ | *čьrstva | *čьrstvo |
| Accusative | *čьrstvъ | *čьrstvǫ | *čьrstvo |
| Genitive | *čьrstva | *čьrstvy | *čьrstva |
| Locative | *čьrstvě | *čьrstvě | *čьrstvě |
| Dative | *čьrstvu | *čьrstvě | *čьrstvu |
| Instrumental | *čьrstvomь | *čьrstvojǫ | *čьrstvomь |
| Vocative | *čьrstve | *čьrstvo | *čьrstvo |
| Dual | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *čьrstva | *čьrstvě | *čьrstvě |
| Accusative | *čьrstva | *čьrstvě | *čьrstvě |
| Genitive | *čьrstvu | *čьrstvu | *čьrstvu |
| Locative | *čьrstvu | *čьrstvu | *čьrstvu |
| Dative | *čьrstvoma | *čьrstvama | *čьrstvoma |
| Instrumental | *čьrstvoma | *čьrstvama | *čьrstvoma |
| Vocative | *čьrstva | *čьrstvě | *čьrstvě |
| Plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *čьrstvi | *čьrstvy | *čьrstva |
| Accusative | *čьrstvy | *čьrstvy | *čьrstva |
| Genitive | *čьrstvъ | *čьrstvъ | *čьrstvъ |
| Locative | *čьrstvěxъ | *čьrstvaxъ | *čьrstvěxъ |
| Dative | *čьrstvomъ | *čьrstvamъ | *čьrstvomъ |
| Instrumental | *čьrstvy | *čьrstvami | *čьrstvy |
| Vocative | *čьrstvi | *čьrstvy | *čьrstva |
Definite declension of *čьrstvъ (hard)
| Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *čьrstvъjь | *čьrstvaja | *čьrstvoje |
| Accusative | *čьrstvъjь | *čьrstvǫjǫ | *čьrstvoje |
| Genitive | *čьrstvajego | *čьrstvyję | *čьrstvajego |
| Locative | *čьrstvějemь | *čьrstvěji | *čьrstvějemь |
| Dative | *čьrstvujemu | *čьrstvěji | *čьrstvujemu |
| Instrumental | *čьrstvyjimi | *čьrstvǫjǫ | *čьrstvyjimi |
| Vocative | *čьrstvъjь | *čьrstvaja | *čьrstvoje |
| Dual | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *čьrstvaja | *čьrstvěji | *čьrstvěji |
| Accusative | *čьrstvaja | *čьrstvěji | *čьrstvěji |
| Genitive | *čьrstvuju | *čьrstvuju | *čьrstvuju |
| Locative | *čьrstvuju | *čьrstvuju | *čьrstvuju |
| Dative | *čьrstvyjima | *čьrstvyjima | *čьrstvyjima |
| Instrumental | *čьrstvyjima | *čьrstvyjima | *čьrstvyjima |
| Vocative | *čьrstvaja | *čьrstvěji | *čьrstvěji |
| Plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *čьrstviji | *čьrstvyję | *čьrstvaja |
| Accusative | *čьrstvyję | *čьrstvyję | *čьrstvaja |
| Genitive | *čьrstvъjixъ | *čьrstvъjixъ | *čьrstvъjixъ |
| Locative | *čьrstvyjixъ | *čьrstvyjixъ | *čьrstvyjixъ |
| Dative | *čьrstvyjimъ | *čьrstvyjimъ | *čьrstvyjimъ |
| Instrumental | *čьrstvyjimi | *čьrstvyjimi | *čьrstvyjimi |
| Vocative | *čьrstviji | *čьrstvyję | *čьrstvaja |
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “чёрствый”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
References
- Derksen, Rick (2008), “*čь̑rstvъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 92: “adj. o (c) ‘firm’”
- Olander, Thomas (2001), “čьrstvъ čьrstva čьrstvo”, in Common Slavic accentological word list, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “c fast, hård (PR 138)”
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