< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/duma
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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
Traditionally viewed[1] (per Miklošič, Ulhenbeck, Berneker) as a Germanic borrowing, ultimately from (some derivative of) Proto-Germanic *dōmaz (“judgement”), perhaps a deverbal of *dumati (“to think”).
Attempts for native etymology include:
- Mladenov, Stender-Petersen: From Proto-Indo-European *dʰewh₂- (“to smoke”), akin to Proto-Slavic *duti (“to blow, to inflate”), *dymъ (“smoke”), perhaps originally meaning “breath, spirit”. Compare Ancient Greek θῡμός (thūmós, “soul, emotion”), occassionally also “thought, mind”.
- Vaillant: Contracted from hypothetical *douma < *do- + *umъ (“mind”) + *-a. Compare *douměti (“to comprehend”) (whence Russian надоу́мить (nadoúmitʹ, “to advise”)).
- Machek: From an inversion of root *mewHdʰ-, otherwise yielding Proto-Slavic *myslь (“thought”), Ancient Greek μῦθος (mûthos, “word, fable”).
Fick tentatively compares the Slavic word with Phrygian δουμος (doumos) (of dubious meaning), Ancient Greek θαῦμᾰ (thaûma, “wonder, miracle”) (< pre-Hellenic *dʰeh₂w-), based on phonetic similarities.
Declension
Declension of *dùma (hard a-stem, accent paradigm a)
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *dùma | *dùmě | *dùmy |
| Accusative | *dùmǫ | *dùmě | *dùmy |
| Genitive | *dùmy | *dùmu | *dùmъ |
| Locative | *dùmě | *dùmu | *dùmasъ, *dùmaxъ* |
| Dative | *dùmě | *dùmama | *dùmamъ |
| Instrumental | *dùmojǫ, *dùmǭ** | *dùmama | *dùmamī |
| Vocative | *dùmo | *dùmě | *dùmy |
* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
Derived terms
- *dumica, *dumъka (diminutive)
- *dumьcь (“prater”)
Descendants
- Church Slavonic: дума (duma) (Russian)
- East Slavic: дума (duma, “advice, council; thought, intention; like-minded persons”), Дума (Duma)
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
- Non-Slavic:
- → Latvian: duõma (“thought”)
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “дума”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1978), “*duma”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological Dictionary of Slavic Languages] (in Russian), issue 5 (*dělo – *dьržьlь), Moscow: Nauka, page 154
- Georgiev V. I., editor (1971), “дума”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 1, Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, page 446
References
- Pronk-Tiethoff, Saskia E. (2013) The Germanic loanwords in Proto-Slavic (in English), Amsterdam - New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 77: “PSl. *duma ‘advice, thought, opinion’ (f. ā-stem)”
- Olander, Thomas (2001), “duma”, in Common Slavic accentological word list, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “a (PR 132)”
- Snoj, Marko (2016), “odmẹ́vati”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar3 (in Slovene), https://fran.si: “pslovan. *dűma”
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