< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/gňiti
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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *gʰneyH- (given as *ǵʰn(e)iH- in Derksen, but the palatal *ǵ is likely a typo). Indo-European cognates include Ancient Greek χνίει (khníei, “(it) drizzles, (it) crumbles”) (Hesychius), Proto-Germanic *gnīdaną.
Inflection
Conjugation of *gňiti, *gňi, *gňьjetь (impf., intr., -V-, s-aorist, accent paradigm a)
| Verbal noun | Infinitive | Supine | L-participle |
|---|---|---|---|
| *gňitьje | *gňiti | *gňitъ | *gňilъ |
| Participles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Tense | Past | Present |
| Passive | — | — |
| Active | *gňivъ | *gňьję |
| Aorist | Present | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *gňixъ | *gňi | *gňi | *gňьjǫ | *gňьješi | *gňьjetь |
| Dual | *gňixově | *gňista | *gňiste | *gňьjevě | *gňьjeta | *gňьjete |
| Plural | *gňixomъ | *gňiste | *gňišę | *gňьjemъ | *gňьjete | *gňьjǫtь |
| Imperfect | Imperative | |||||
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *gňьjaaxъ | *gňьjaaše | *gňьjaaše | — | *gňьji | *gňьji |
| Dual | *gňьjaaxově | *gňьjaašeta | *gňьjaašete | *gňьjivě | *gňьjita | — |
| Plural | *gňьjaaxomъ | *gňьjaašete | *gňьjaaxǫ | *gňьjimъ | *gňьjite | — |
Conjugation of *gňiti, *gňi, *gňьjetь (impf., intr., -V-, s-aorist, accent paradigm c)
| Verbal noun | Infinitive | Supine | L-participle |
|---|---|---|---|
| *gňitьje | *gňiti | *gňitъ | *gňilъ |
| Participles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Tense | Past | Present |
| Passive | — | — |
| Active | *gňivъ | *gňьję |
| Aorist | Present | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *gňixъ | *gňi | *gňi | *gňьjǫ | *gňьješi | *gňьjetь |
| Dual | *gňixově | *gňista | *gňiste | *gňьjevě | *gňьjeta | *gňьjete |
| Plural | *gňixomъ | *gňiste | *gňišę | *gňьjemъ | *gňьjete | *gňьjǫtь |
| Imperfect | Imperative | |||||
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *gňьjaaxъ | *gňьjaaše | *gňьjaaše | — | *gňьji | *gňьji |
| Dual | *gňьjaaxově | *gňьjaašeta | *gňьjaašete | *gňьjivě | *gňьjita | — |
| Plural | *gňьjaaxomъ | *gňьjaašete | *gňьjaaxǫ | *gňьjimъ | *gňьjite | — |
Alternative forms
- *gniti
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
- Cyrillic: гниѭщии (gnijǫštij, “suppurating”, dat. fem. sg. pres. act. part.)
- Glagolitic: ⰃⰐⰋⰩⰛⰋⰋ (GNIJǫŠtII)
- Bulgarian: гни́я (gníja)
- Macedonian: гние (gnie)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Chakavian (Vrgada): gńijȁti
- Chakavian (Vrgada?): gńít
- Chakavian (Orbanići): gnjĩt
- Slovene: gníti (tonal orthography)
- Old Church Slavonic:
- West Slavic:
Further reading
- Chernykh, P. Ja. (1993), “гнить”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), volume 1 (а – пантомима), 3rd edition, Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 195
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1979), “*gniti”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological Dictionary of Slavic Languages] (in Russian), issue 6 (*e – *golva), Moscow: Nauka, page 176
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “гнить”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
References
- Derksen, Rick (2008), “*gņìti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 169: “v. (a) ‘rot’”
- Olander, Thomas (2001), “gniti: gnijǫ gnijetь”, in Common Slavic accentological word list, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “c rådne (SA 204, 234; PR 139)”
- Snoj, Marko (2016), “gníti”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar3 (in Slovene), https://fran.si: “*gni̋ti, sed. *gnȋjǫ in *gnь̏jǫ”
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