< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/gatъka
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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
Synchronically, equivalent to *gatati (“to tell, to guess”) + *-ъka. Ultimately, perhaps a diminutive of Proto-Indo-European *g⁽ʷ⁾eh₃th₂ós (“proverb”) + *-ъka, cognate with Proto-Indo-Iranian *gaHtʰás (“hymn”).
Declension
Declension of *gatъka (hard a-stem)
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *gatъka | *gatъcě | *gatъky |
| Accusative | *gatъkǫ | *gatъcě | *gatъky |
| Genitive | *gatъky | *gatъku | *gatъkъ |
| Locative | *gatъcě | *gatъku | *gatъkasъ, *gatъkaxъ* |
| Dative | *gatъcě | *gatъkama | *gatъkamъ |
| Instrumental | *gatъkojǫ, *gatъkǫ** | *gatъkama | *gatъkami |
| Vocative | *gatъko | *gatъcě | *gatъky |
* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
Derived terms
- *gatъkati (“to speak crypticly”)
Related terms
- *gatanьje, *gatanъka (“riddle”) (verbal nouns)
- *gatva (“proverb”) (East Slavic)
Descendants
- South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic: гатъка (gatŭka) (Russian rendition)
- → Old East Slavic: гатъками бесѣдовати (gatŭkami besědovati, “to converse in cryptic manner”) (XII cent.)
- Bulgarian: га́тка (gátka) (dialectal)
- Macedonian: гатка (gatka)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Old Church Slavonic: гатъка (gatŭka) (Russian rendition)
Further reading
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1979), “*gatъka”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological Dictionary of Slavic Languages] (in Russian), issue 6 (*e – *golva), Moscow: Nauka, page 105
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